1. Information and Data What’s the difference between two? Information systems = hardware and software working together… It will take DATA that has been put INPUT and convert it into INFORMATION In other words an information system processes the DATA to produce INFORMATION

2. Data Data is raw facts and figures which have no meaning and have been put into context ( given a purpose) Example: This is a set of data: 87,05,90,39,97. As its, it has no meaning, the number could mean anything (within reason)

3. However this Data can be given a purpose or a context… 68, 90, 59, 48,59 It will become INFORMATION when I tell you that they are percentages for this years ICT examination 68%, 90%, 59%, 48%,59%

4. The DATA has now become INFORMATION since it has been given a meaning…. ….INFORMATION occurs when DATA has been PROCESSED…. * Processed means taking the values and manipulating them( doing something with them)….

5. Information Information is data which has been processed to give it meaning When we have information we can come up with conclusions and answer questions about the data. From our data, we can find out more!! Now that we know what it means…. Information= Data + Context + Meaning

6. …ICT system produce information which has been formatted so that a user can make use of it ( understand it)…. …Information can be paper-based e.g. a report or electronic e.g. a chart shown on a screen

7. Data Types Text- alphanumeric Numeric Date/ Time Currency Boolean e.g. yes/no Image Sound

8. All data is stored in a table A database is a persistent collection of data or information which is held together in an organized or logically way Lots of tables create a relational database. Data stored in a relational database are linked together e.g. Address books

9. Computerized dataPaper based Very fast to find a specific recordSlow to file and find files Can hold a large amount of dataLimited by space Can be used to analyze the data e.g. 'most popular selling item' Very difficult to analyze the data Can be kept secure by use of passwordsThe only security would be locking up the records Easy to make a back-up in case of data loss Difficult to make a back up because every page or card would have to be re-written or photocopied, which means extra storage space, is needed. You can easily store files- just type itHave to write everything onto paper You can print it easilyYou have to photocopy it, which will take up some time

10. Validation and Verification To get data into a system is a two-part process: 1.Data must be first ‘captured’ ( collected in a way that then makes it easy to input) 2. Data must be input into the computer The system analyst will select a data capture method and data input method that best suit the requirements of the new system.