1. “Unthinking Eurocentrism” (left) Joaquin Torres-Garcia (Uruguayan artist, 1874-1949), Map of South America, 1943; (right) André Breton (French Surrealist poet, 1896-1966), Surrealist Map of the World, 1929. In the Surrealist "Map of the World," 1929, the Pacific Ocean is central, the United States does not exist. Mexico, Russia, Alaska, China, and Labrador are large and important.

2. Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 1492, 1493, 1502

3. The Taíno: The Caribbean before European Conquest

4. Taíno Duho, Dominican Republic, wood and manatee bone, 45 x 62 in, Museum of Dominican Man, Santo Domingo; (right) detail of duho carving

5. Taíno (left & center) Zemi, clay & stone; (right) stone belt or yoke, C.E.1200 to 1500

6. Taíno reliquaries, hollow earthenware, C.E.1200 to 1500

7. Taíno, ritual objects: monkey-effigy ax, stone (left) and rattle, incised clay (right), C.E.1200 to 1500

8. Latin America was the main destination of the millions of people enslaved and taken out of Africa between 1500 and 1850. The U.S. received about 523,000 enslaved immigrants. Cuba alone got more. Spanish America absorbed around 1.5 million and Brazil at least 3.5 million. Their descendants form about half of the population in the Caribbean and Brazil – the two historic centers of sugar production.

9. Taíno, Zemi, (left: back view), Dominican Republic, after 1515 CE, wood, cotton, shell, and glass, 32” H, National Ethnographic Museum, Rome. Combines Taino, European, and African materials, a syncretic spiritual object made for a high ranking cacique

10. Raphael, The School of Athens (Philosophy), 1511, from the fresco suite made for the Pope’s Vatican Library, Vatican City, Rome, Italy

11. El Escorial, palace-monastery of Philip II of Spain, mid-16 th Century, this vast complex was the center of the Counter-Reformation in Europe funded by the enormous wealth drawn from Latin America. The Reformation began in 1517 by a monk, Martin Luther, as a reaction to the systemic corruption of the Catholic Church, especially the sale of indulgences. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English (Elizabeth I) occurred in the summer of 1588 during the reign of Phillip II.

12. El Escorial, designed by Juan Bautista de Toledo, Spanish architect and sculptor who had studied under Michelangelo in Rome before he returned to Spain to serve Philip II

13. Moche culture Northwest Peru, c.100- 800 CE

14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUp6m6Qk9t4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUp6m6Qk9t4 Sipan, Peru, tombs of the Moche Lord of Sipan discovered in the 1980s

15. Moche, detail of a stirrup spout portrait vessel, unknown artist, painted and slipped earthenware, 11 ½ in H, c. A.D. 110-600. From “Moche Portraits: Masterpieces from Ancient Peru” by Christopher Donnan (assigned RReading available on website)

16. (right) Moche, Male Effigy Vessel, unidentified artist, painted earthenware, 9 7/16 in H, A.D. 100-600 compare (left) self-portrait mug by Paul Gauguin, c. 1889

17. (left) Peruvian, Moche culture, Man with a Flower Headdress, painted earthenware, 10 1/4” height, c. 100-600 CE (right) Stirrup Head Vessel, painted earthenware 12” height, 100-600 CE

18. Moche, Male Effigy Vessel (stirrup missing), unidentified artist, painted earthenware 4 in H, A.C. 100-600

19. Moche, Portrait of an individual wearing a bird headdress, ceramic, c. 550 CE

20. Moche, Portrait of Bigote (mustache), ceramic, c. 450 CE (right) Bigote as a prisoner, ceramic c. 450 CE

21. Moche, Portrait of Cut Lip: L-R) at 10 years of age; early 20s; and mid-30s, ceramic, c. 500 CE.

22. Moche stirrup-spout vessel depicting a woman giving birth, almost unique in Andean art. 100-800 AD

23. Moche stirrup-spout vessel depicting a man riding a fish. 100-800 AD. Moche pots include vessels like this one depicting shamanic visions.

24. Moche stirrup-spout vessels included erotic scenes,100- 800 AD.

25. Moche Ear Spools, Sipán, 100-800 AD, turquoise and malachite shells used to represent iguanas. Signifiers of power that continued into the Inca era.

26. Gold Burial Mask, Lambayesque, AD 900-1100, found in Tomb 1 at Huaca Loro, Peru. Rivals masks found at Sipán

27. Tiwanaku and Wari – two empires existing simultaneously in what would become Bolivia and Peru, c. 500-1000 AD

28. The Gate of the Sun, Tiwanaku, Western Bolivia (near Lake Titikaka)

29. Wari Tunic, Peru, c 750-950. Textile made of individual pieces woven in the shape of stepped triangles tie-dyed, and sewntogether,

30. (top) A wall hanging from the seventh or eighth century, made of cotton and macaw feathers. It was created by the Wari, a people of Peru’s southern highlands, c.6ft across (below left) A pair of ear ornaments from the 15th or 16th century. Inca.