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Preparation of Geological Data Standards of Turkey Based on INSPIRE Directives A joint project completed by General Directorate of Geographical Information.

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Presentation on theme: "Preparation of Geological Data Standards of Turkey Based on INSPIRE Directives A joint project completed by General Directorate of Geographical Information."— Presentation transcript:

1 Preparation of Geological Data Standards of Turkey Based on INSPIRE Directives A joint project completed by General Directorate of Geographical Information Systems of Turkey Netcad Company Academic support provided by Hacettepe University Anadolu University Candan Gokceoglu Academic Coordinator

2 The main purpose: to prepare the geological data standards of Turkey based on INSPIRE directives (INSPIRE D2.8.II.4). For the purpose of the study: depending on the findings obtained from the establishment analyses, and the country needs, the necessary additions and modifications to the existing data model, INSPIRE D2.8.II.4, are provided.

3 Application schema for Geology Turkey National Geological Data Standards are based on INSPIRE D2.8.II.4 Data Specification on Geology – Draft Technical Guidelines. Within this context necessary national requirements were defined to be National Standards. For the purpose the geologic data produced by governmental offices in Turkey were investigated.

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5 Overview to the Geology application schema Mapped Feature and Geologic Feature are central classes (spatial object types) in the model. A Mapped Feature provides a spatial representation of a Geologic Feature. As well as ‘standard’ geological maps, the model allows the description of thematic maps using the theme Class association to Thematic Class. A thematic map in this context can be considered as a reclassification of the Geologic Unit in terms of some thematic property, for example reclassifying Geologic Units in terms of their susceptibility to compaction or their potential as a source of aggregate.

6 …Overview to the Geology application schema The abstract Geologic Feature class represents a conceptual geological feature that is hypothesized to exist coherently in the world, and includes as sub-types the main information classes in the model. There are three sub-types of Geologic Feature in the data model: 1)Geologic Unit, 2)Geologic Structure, and 3)Geomorphologic Feature A Geologic Event is defined as an identifiable event during which one or more geological processes act to modify geological entities.

7 …Overview to the Geology application schema Geological age is modeled using Geologic Event – the age of some geological event occurring. A Geologic Event should have a specified geologic age and process, and may have a specified environment.

8 Geologic Collection A Geologic Collection is a name or identifiable group of geological or geophysical objects. Geologic objects are commonly grouped into collections such as geological maps, thematic maps, groups of geophysical measurements or models of the same type etc. which are familiar to many user communities. The Geologic Collection class allows the delivery of a package of objects that go to make up one of these familiar collections. In Turkey National Geology Data Standards, Turkey Geological Heritage Inventory was assessed to be Turkey Geo-Heritage Feature Type in Geologic Collection.

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10 Geologic Unit Geologic Unit represents a body of material in the Earth whose complete and precise extent is inferred to exist. Spatial properties are only available through association with a Mapped Feature. The composition association from Geologic Unit to Composition Part allows the lithological description of the Geologic Unit. The composition of a Geologic Unit can be made up of several Composition Parts, for example where there are lithologically distinct components interbedded.

11 Geologic Structure Geologic Structure is defined as a configuration of matter in the Earth based on describable inhomogeneity, pattern, or fracture in an Earth Material. The identity of a Geologic Structure is independent of the material that is the substrate for the structure. The four types of Geologic Structure in the data model are; 1)Shear Displacement Structure 2)Fold 3)Bedding* 4)Foliation* * The structural features which were considered in National Standards.

12 …Geologic Structure Shear Displacement Structure includes all brittle to ductile style structures along which displacement has occurred, from a simple, single 'planar' brittle (fault) or ductile surface to a fault system comprised of tens of strands of both brittle and ductile nature. In Turkey National Geology Data Standards, Active Faults were assessed to be a different Feature Type in Shear Displacement Structure.

13 …Geologic Structure Fold describes one or more systematically curved layers, surfaces, or lines in a rock body. A fold denotes a structure formed by the deformation of a Geologic Feature to form a structure that may be described by the translation of an abstract line (the fold axis) along some curvilinear path (the fold profile).

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15 Geomorphologic Feature The abstract Geomorphologic Feature class is a point, linear or areal landform or landscape. It is a natural or an anthropogenic surface feature and may be erosional, depositional or both. Geomorphologic Feature has two subtypes: 1)Natural Geomorphologic Feature 2)Anthropogenic Geomorphologic Feature

16 …Geomorphologic Feature Turkey Cave Inventory, Turkey Landslide Inventory, and Volcanos in Turkey were evaluated to be different Feature Types in Natural Geomorphologic Feature. Anthropogenic Geomorphologic Feature is a man-made geomorphologic feature on the earth’s surface (including those in shallow water), having a characteristic shape and range in composition, composed of unconsolidated earthy, organic materials, artificial materials, or rock, that is the direct result of human manipulation or activities. In Turkey National Geology Data Standards Raw Material Sources were assessed to be a different Feature Type in Anthropogenic Geomorphologic Feature.

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18 Borehole Borehole is a generalized class for any narrow shaft drilled in the ground, at any angle. The log Element association to Mapped Interval allows the description of a borehole log as a collection of Mapped Intervals, each off which can be specified by a Geologic Unit and have a geologic History (age). A Mapped Interval is therefore an interpretation of the observations (lithological, geophysical etc.) made in the original log, and it is only such interpreted borehole logs which are in scope of the data specification.

19 The Two Basic Elements of Hydrogeology; Rock System; includes Aquifers, aquitards and aquicludes. Groundwater system; includes groundwater bodies. The National Geology Data Specification for Hydrogeology was based on INSPIRE Geology Data Model (D2.8.II.4) Hydrogeology Data Schema. Hydrogeology Application Schema

20 Rock System Groundwater System Hydrogeological Objects Hydrogeological Objects are composed of natural and man made objects like groundwater wells and springs. These objects interact with main components of groundwater and rock system. Groundwater system is created by groundwater flow in aquifers of the rock system, which have the right porosity and permeability to conduct groundwater. Groundwater system has distinct groundwater flow properties, distinct pressure regime and is confined by permeability, groundwater surface or barriers. Rock System, groundwater and the interaction between them create Hydrological System National Geology Standards: Hydrogeology Overview

21 Geophysics Application Schema Geophysical Data Model defines two main components. GeophObjectSet ; is a generic spatial object type, subclass of SF_SamplingFeature that models geophysical entity collections like campaigns, or projects. GeophObject ; is a generic spatial object type that models single geophysical entities. Application schema Geophysics is based on D2.8.II.4 INSPIRE Data Specification on Geology The class of GeophMeasurement is significantly expanded A GeophObjectSet member of a Geologic Collection. A GeologicCollection is a name or identifiable group of geological or geophysical objects. Geophysics Application Schema joins at GeologicalCollection in the National Geological Standards schema

22 GeophMeasurement The measurement value/conclusion was added to Geophysics Measurement; consists of Geophysics Station, Geophysics Profile and Geophysics Swath. Adding featureType GeophMeasurement Class Measurement

23 The extension model provides an additional class to model geophysical Projects. Geophysics Model In the GeophysicsExtension application schema GeophModel is a geophysical object that is created as a result of data processing or interpretation, representing the distribution of physical or geophysical properties within the observed spatial domain. Curve Model Surface Grid Model Solid Grid Model Other Geoph Model Class Model Data model extension for Geophysics

24 Results and Conclusions Turkey’s active faults, highly important for Turkey, are considered as “active faults” feature type. Active fault feature type is evaluated by adding to the “shear displacement structure” proposed by INSPIRE D2.8.II.4. Turkey’s landslide inventory and Turkey’s cave inventory are assessed as the “Landslide feature type” and “Cave feature type”, respectively, and they are added to the “natural geomorphological feature type”. The attributes of “landslide feature type” and “cave feature type” are described separately. The features of volcanic areas, bedding and cleavage mapped under “specific geological areas” and “bedding” are considered as different feature types, and they are described under the “natural geomorphological feature type” and “geological structure feature type”.

25 ... Results and Conclusions “Turkey’s geological heritage inventory”. During the present study, the “Turkey’s geological heritage inventory” is considered adding to the “geological collection” under the geological application scheme. “Turkey’s industrial raw material quarries” is employed adding to the “Anthropogenic geomorphological feature type” in the geological application scheme. The new attributes for defining geophysical measurement types are described for expressing some details concerning the data obtained from geophysical investigations and measurements.

26 ... Results and Conclusions Depending on the establishment analyses, some tables including transformation and harmonization information to the proposed data model are prepared for the geological and geophysical data produced by different institutions. When considering this data model, the repetitive data production will be prevented or minimized. Depending this prevention, considerable economic benefits will be obtained. Additionally, the standard geological and geophysical data will be reached easily by the researchers and the practitioners.


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