1. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES P E L A S T U S O S A S T O Civil Protection and Road Safety Arrangements in Finland Madrid 21 st June 2006 Mikko Jääskeläinen Senior Officer Ministry of the Interior, Finland Ministry of the Interior Finland

2. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Table of Contents Emergency Services and Civil Protection in Finland Road Safety Arrangements in Finland eCall in Finland 112 Centers in Finland

3. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Emergency Services and Civil Protection in Finland

4. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES The rescue authorities are responsible for the safety of people in all kinds of everyday incidents as well as in the unlikely event of a disaster or war. Finland is one of the safest countries in the world and major accidents are very rare. Rescue services are divided into accident and fire prevention, rescue activities and war time civil defence.

5. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES ORGANISATION Ministry of the Interior Department for rescue services District fire manager Fire and Rescue Departments State Provicial Offices (6) 22 Regional Rescue Services Emergency response centres (15) Emergency Services College Emergency Response Centre Administration Fire brigades - volunteers

6. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Authorities and administration Supreme command, control and supervision of rescue services in Finland is under the Ministry of the Interior. The State Provincial Offices are responsible for rescue services in each of the six provinces in Finland. for rescueRegional Rescue Services (22) are responsible for rescue services in their districts.

7. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Road Safety Arrangements in Finland

8. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES EU Midterm review (traffic fatalities)

9. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES The changes of the road traffic fatalities in the Nordic countries, year 2005 Finland - 1,0% Sweden - 8,3% Norway - 13,2 % Denmark - 8,9%

10. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES THE GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION ON IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY, 9 march 2006 The road safety vision: The road transport system must be designed so that nobody should die or be seriously injured on the roads.

11. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Improving national co-operation Co-operation in EU Reducing head-on collisions on main roads Reducing pedestrian and cyclist accidents in built-up areas Management of speeds Reducing accidents involving intoxicants Reducing accidents of professional transport Improving driver education and the penalty point system

12. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Traffic Management Centre of Finnish Road Administration

13. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES The TMC - the mode of operation One centre, four offices –Helsinki, Turku, Tampere, Oulu One office has responsibility over large geographical area Every area has own characteristics –Helsinki (Uusimaa region) metropolitan area –Turku (Turku and Vaasa regions) Swedish spoken, coastal area –Tampere (Häme, Kaakkois-Suomi, Keski-Suomi and Savo-Karjala regions) Interior Finland –Oulu (Oulu and Lappi regions) Northern Finland Works efficiently as a network The TMC offices and areas Boundaries of road districts

14. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES The Traffic Management Centre (TMC) Objectives To improve safety on the roads To improve traffic flow To promote efficient use of the road To reduce environmental hazards caused by traffic To offer general and real-time traffic information nation-wide

15. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES The TMC - Functions Traffic and road weather conditions monitoring Traffic information distribution Traffic control with variable traffic signs Prevention of traffic disturbances in co-operation with other authorities Supporting road maintenance; co-operation with road inspectors and contractors

16. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES The Road Users’ Services Traffic information - road weather conditions - traffic situation - traffic disturbances - road works - weight limits Traffic control - traffic lights - message signs - bridges - border guard stations - special targets The Information Sharing Channels Radio Teletext TV Internet Maps, publication Road side info stands Variable traffic signs Message signs Others Automatic Monitoring Systems Road weather conditions Traffic situation The Road Users’ Line 0200 2100 The Traffic Management Center Co-operation and information sharing - Authorities - Cities and municipalities - FinnRA - Contractors The TMC functions

17. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Monitoring and Control Technical Systems Monitoring Traffic and Road Weather - Automatic traffic volume measurement system - Traffic cameras (police) - Road weather stations - Weather cameras Traffic control - Traffic signal system - Variable speed limits - Variable message and traffic signs

18. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Informs road users via mass media - location - traffic inconvenience - estimated length - by-pass Notice of a traffic accident from the police or emergency rescue centre Important information: What has happened? - parties - harm for the traffic - estimated length Where has happened Controls variable speed limit signs and warning signs, traffic lights In needed, copies nearest weather camera pictures and the information of the road weather stations for the investigation of accidents Asks for the help of contractor Receives information from the accident site, observes and informs about situation Knows the location of control trailer and helps with organising by-pass Police and rescue unit have responsibility of traffic control at the accident site Emergency Response Centre The Police The Traffic Management Centre A Road Maintenance Contractor A Road User Radio stations Traffic signs and signals control Traffic and road weather conditions monitoring

19. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Accidents with fatalities on the Finnish public roads in year 2003 (FinRA) Totally 254 fatality accidents in which, 283 fatalities At the moment of the accident the road surface was: in 24 % of the cases slippery (61 acccidents) icy 16 % (40 accidents) slushy 4 % (9 accidents), snowy 3 % (7 accidents and water in grooves 1 % (3 accidents)

20. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Mobile driver alert - concept design Goal: Context aware (time, place, role), personal messages about sudden changes in road conditions or other disturbances (e.g.accidents) Means: Telematics: Services produced by combining roadside telematics, wireless (mobile) technology and GIS

21. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Mobile alert service gives real time warnings on “push” basis about changes on road conditions or other sudden dangerous disturbances, such as accidents, directly to the vehicle Route forecast service (web service) gives a corresponding forecast for the route of the vehicle that enables drivers to take the poor road conditions into account in advance

22. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Standard gsm phones, all models voice message (TTS, text to speech synthesis), cell id positioning (operator) Smart phones, (e.g. S60 platform), application (Bluetooth GPS) Multiple delivery channels: enables high penetration on board units, in car -navigation systems Driver alert platform xml

23. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Gsm + Cell ID based warning lähtöpiste A c Dangerous road condition Warning No warning Location (address) Warning zone Destination B Origin A GSM base station cell GPS + smartphone

24. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Summary & conclusions of mobile driver alert Clear connection between road conditions and accidents Need for context aware real time road weather and incident information Delivery for different types of users and vehicles Potential for high socio- economical benefits

25. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES eCall in Finland

26. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES eCall - what and why eCall is an automatic in-vehicle emergency call service developed in the European Union The benefits of the eCall system are mainly based on the faster relaying of important accident information - Precise location, time and type of the accident The system itself will not reduce the number of accidents. The main objective is to improve response times in the case of a traffic accident and save lives by faster help

27. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES eCall - how Service provider Data connection + FDS Full set of data (FDS) More extensive information about the vehicle, may be complemented with additional information from data base Short message, GPRS or similar information transmission Technology-neutral transmission to emergency exchange Accident Sensor data: Strong deceleration, rapid rise in temperature, roll- over,… Vehicle position Vehicle position and direction information at time of accident using satellite positioning (GPS) Voice connection + MDS Minimum set of data (MDS) Place, time and type of accident,… Transmitted during call Uses GSM built-in procedures PSAP

28. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES eCall implementation in Finland Finland is at forefront of eCall deployment 1st EU member state to sign eCall-MoU PSAP infra ready in the near future - national PSAP data system and operating model supports eCall-service year 2006 Public eCall test service started in June 2005 - validating the functionality of eCall unit communications 1st detailed accident study ready in November 2005 Recommendations of the eCall Driving Group have been followed

29. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Active eCall promoters and in Finland ITS Finland Initiator of the eCall-project Ministry of Transport and Communications Financier of r&d activities Signer of eCall-MoU Ministry of the Interior and Emergency Response Centre Administration Realising of the eCall-service facilities in PSAPs VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Realising and maintaining of the test bench Impact studies on eCall Indagon Ltd. Developer and manufacturer of the eCall terminal prototype

30. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Impacts of an automatic emergency call system on accident consequences – study Aim of the study was to estimate –the number of the fatalities that could have been avoided in Finland in 2001–2003 by the eCall system. –the effects of eCall on emergency response times. In Finland –In 2001–2003, on average 86 mobile phone subscriptions per 100 population –GSM network coverage in practice nearly 100%

31. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Road Accident Investigation Teams In Finland all fatal accidents are investigated by Road Accident Investigation Teams. –In 2004 a total of 331 fatal accidents were investigated Teams consist of a police officer, a road specialist, a vehicle specialist, a physician, a psychologist and other experts. The teams investigate what happened, why the accident happened, which factors affected the risk of the accident and what were the reasons for the consequences of the accident.

32. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Data from years 2001–2003 Total of 797 accidents involving a fatally injured motor-vehicle occupant (n=929) Total of 263 accidents involving a fatally injured unprotected road user (n=264) Data included accidents of all vehicle types, divided into –accidents, where there was at least one vehicle in which eCall system could be installed, and –accidents, where there were no vehicles in which the current eCall system could be installed (e.g. single motorcycle and snowmobile accidents). Case reports of the Road Accident Investigation Teams

33. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Analyses of the fatalities Procedure: –First, exclusion of the patients with immediately fatal injuries –Final categorisation done by the medical doctors Categories: –eCall could very probably have prevented the death of the victim –eCall would probably not have prevented the death of the victim –Unclear cases (not enough data)

34. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Impacts of eCall – Fatalities eCall could prevent 5 – 10% of the fatalities in Finland (VTT 2005) Biggest effect expected on minor rural roads, at night time, in off-peak traffic (VTT 2005) A decrease of 5 – 15 % in fatalities on a pan-European level (EMERGE 2004)

35. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES eCall communications Test Bench Test bench in use since June 2005, with registered users from 12 countries so far, including: 3 car manufacturers eCall-terminal developers Simulated Emergency Centre Simulated Service Centre Simulated eCall vehicle terminal Communications in real network Trials with an eCall terminal prototype

36. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES 112 Centers in Finland

37. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES 1.ERC of Helsinki – Helsinki 2005 2.ERC of West Uusimaa – Lohja 2005 3.ERC of East and Central Uusimaa – Kerava 2004 4.ERC of South-West Finland – Turku 2004 5.ERC of Satakunta – Pori 2003 6.ERC of Häme – Hämeenlinna 2004 7.ERC of Pirkanmaa – Tampere 2004 8.ERC of South-East Finland – Kouvola 2002 9.ERC of South Savo – Mikkeli 2003 10.ERC of Ostrobothnia – Vaasa 2002 11.ERC of Central Finland – Jyväskylä 2001 12.ERC of North Savo – Kuopio 2003 13.ERC of North Ostrobothnia and Kainuu – Oulu 2005 14.ERC of Lapland – Rovaniemi 2002 15.ERC of North Karelia – Joensuu 2001 112-ERCs by 2006

38. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Reception of urgent emergency calls for police, fire & rescue, social welfare and health services. Integrated centres to serve different authorities. Professionally skilled operators, ability to co-operate effectively Sheltered rooms, same system in normal conditions and in exceptional conditions (war) Harmonised IT-systems in the whole country. - Location information of the caller - 112-text message in operation in 2006 - eCall in the future Tetra-based radio communications Equal quality and costs Operating Model

39. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Advanced and optimised operation model The same person handles the whole action chain Well coordinated co-operation and communication between units on the scene of accident Field Commander Field Units Rescue leader Emergency Response Centre Emergency call

40. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Emergency Call Handling Reception of emergency call Register queries Support activities ACCIDENT Occupational safety Preventive measures Risk assessment Alerting units Public authority assistance * Fire services * Police services * Ambulance services * Social welfare services, crisis response services Fire alarm systems Alarm devices (e.g. eCall) Emergency phones Fixed line and mobile phone network Public authority network (VIRVE)

41. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES ERC Work in Numbers ERCs receive around 0.8 calls/inhabitant, amounting to around four million emergency calls per year. Around half of these calls result in call outs for emergency response units: –emergency medical services in around 50% of cases –police services in around 45% of cases –rescue services in around 5% of cases Each operator handles around 8,000 – 10,000 emergency calls per year.

42. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Every third emergency call produces an assignment for the field organisation - Several calls for the same emergency - Accidental calls, particularly from mobile phones - Calls outside the ERC’s scope of duties - Malicious calls (no SIM needed)

43. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES ERC Operator Training Basic training: ERC Operators receive basic training in the Emergency Services College and in the Police School (57 study weeks/1½ years) Further training: for operators transferred from the rescue services’ municipal emergency response centres and police force’s emergency call centres, at the Emergency Services College in Kuopio, the Police School in Tampere and in the ERCs’ areas (5 study weeks) Shift Supervisor training: began as blended training in the Emergency Services College in 2002 (20 study weeks)

44. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Further information: www.112.fi www.ecall.fi www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/ www.intermin.fi www.112.fi www.ecall.fi www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/www.intermin.fi

45. DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES Thank you for your attention Questions, comments?