1. Aurali Dade, PhD Division of Research, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Barriers and Opportunities for Communicating Sustainability on Campus

2. US IHEs & Sustainability US Colleges & Universities –Over 4,000 –$350+ billion/year industry –Educate future workforce –Environmental impacts –Community impacts

3. IHE Structure & Sustainability Complex organizational structures & diverse physical environments –Low funding –Highly conservative & immutable –Diffuse hierarchical structures, power is dispersed (Eckel & Kezar, 2006) –Many stakeholders (Duderstadt & Womack, 2003) –Hundreds of buildings with multiple functions including housing, dining, teaching & research (Uhl, 2004) –Various uses of hazardous materials

4. Groups Evaluated in Research Operational Decision Makers –Facilities Maintenance and/or Planning & Construction –Purchasing –Health & Safety Academic faculty with responsibility for a laboratory

5. Method Sampling –Random stratified sampling of all accredited IHEs in US Content Analysis Over 700 websites analyzed – groups of interest plus central sustainability site Survey Approximately 500 respondents Analysis using nonparametric statistical techniques

6. Key Findings about Communication Majority were able to define sustainability & had positive feelings about it. Majority of websites did not mention sustainability. Attitudes differed significantly between different groups of respondents. –Facilities/research faculty differed the most, –Followed by facilities/safety and facilities/purchasing.

7. Campus sustainability is prioritized by me personally

8. Key Findings about Communication Primary source of sustainability information: –49% Off-campus sources –23% On-campus sources.

9. When making decisions about campus sustainability where do you obtain your information?

10. Key Findings about Communication Only 4% of websites indicated that they have an important role in campus sustainability. Central sustainability sites indicated: –31% safety & purchasing –76% facilities & research faculty

11. Key Findings about Communication 18% indicated that they do not receive information about sustainability at their campus. Facilities, academic faculty, and safety were each more likely to rely on their own department when compared with other respondents.

12. What is your primary on-campus source for sustainability information?

13. Conclusions about Communication Faculty were more likely to rely on faculty than on any other group. Purchasing, facilities, and safety respondents were unlikely to rely on faculty for information about sustainability. Possible lack of trust or information about academic part of campus by operational part of campus and vice versa.

14. Conclusions about Communication The respondents to this study rated student involvement and influence as significantly lower than involvement and influence of “administration” Not clear from survey who the respondents considered to be “administration”

15. In your opinion, which on-campus group has the most influence on campus sustainability?

16. Conclusions about Communication Large institutions (>15,000 students) were significantly more likely to communicate about sustainability on all of their websites.

17. Conclusions about Communication Websites were most likely to reference non-profit organizations for the information they posted about sustainability. AASHE, ACUPCC, Second Nature, WWF, and local non-profits were frequently referenced and linked.

18. Recommendations Emphasize and promote communicating about sustainability on websites by various stakeholders – even if it is just a sentence and link to the central sustainability site.

19. Communication between academic and operational units Communication gap between the academic and operational units on many campuses: –Top response from faculty about where they received information about campus sustainability was “I do not receive information about campus sustainability on my campus” –Top response from faculty about which department they would rely upon for sustainability information was “None of these departments” with second place answer of “an academic department”

20. Recommendations Possible solutions: –Council that includes all types of members –Activities involving both areas –Joint “ownership” of campus sustainability –Class projects – learning by action –Lectures for broad audience and interest

21. Challenges Sustainability only being mentioned on central website Academic faculty and operational decision makers may speak a very different “language” Each group may be hesitant to trust information from other group and/or give up control Individuals may be hesitant to become involved in activities that do not support P&T or merit raises

22. Opportunities for better communication Carefully define what you mean by campus sustainability Involve all stakeholders with expertise and provide incentives Communicate clearly about how sustainability impact daily work operations Don’t make arbitrary divisions Publicize your successes to all parts of the campus community Encourage collaborations across campus Take a proactive approach to reporting Communicate support for sustainability from the highest levels of the IHE

24. UNLV University of Nevada Las Vegas –28,000 students, 3,100 faculty & staff –Main Campus, Biomedical/Dental Campus & Campus in Singapore –Site of Brookings Institute Mountain West –Recycling program since 1995, sustainability focus approx 5 years

26. Communication Successes at UNLV The Road to Stars –Interdisciplinary Researchers, Staff, and students on Sustainability Council –Core Group Director of Urban Sustainability (Faculty) Recycling/Sustainability Coordinator (Facilities) Sustainability Intern (UG Student) Doctoral Student/Professional Staff in Research Division

27. PM Concept for STARS completion Initiation – decision to pursue and purchase STARS Planning & Design – meetings with Council and Core Group Strategy Sessions Conduct of Project – Requests for Information, Access to Key Individuals Monitoring – Review-o-Rama and final review by Core Group Completion!

29. Communication Successes at UNLV Sustainability List serve – anyone can join Annual Conferences on various topics – open to entire campus community National Clean Energy Summit

30. Future areas of opportunity Increased engagement with broad student population Increased engagement with diverse faculty Subcommittee/working groups for action

31. The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place - George Bernard Shaw