1. PPL2 Unit 2 Conflict Resolution and Personal Safety

2. What do I know about anger management?
Take 3-4 min to complete page 87 in your workbook.
Use your textbook to complete page 88 in your workbook.

3. Key Terms conflict-resolution skills conflict internal conflicts
mediation
peer mediation
adjudication
conflict
internal conflicts
interpersonal conflicts
intra-group conflict
inter-group conflict

5. Dealing with Conflict The positive approach
Solving the problem in a collaborative way
Taking responsibility for your actions
Opening your mind to others opinions

6. The negative approach Being aggressive and confrontational
Taking no sense of personal responsibility
Only winners and losers

7. Types and Triggers of Conflict
Internal Conflicts
Interpersonal Conflict
Intra-Group Conflict
Inter-Group Conflict

8. The opposing emotions you feel within yourself.
Internal Conflicts
The opposing emotions you feel within yourself.
Example:
buying a leather coat and having strong beliefs about cruelty to animals.

9. Interpersonal Conflict
A dispute with someone else.
A friend may have a different view on a topic.
Example: the death penalty.

10. Intra-Group Conflict Conflict among members of a group or team.
Example: different opinions within the Liberal Party.

11. Inter-Group Conflict Conflict among different groups or teams.
Example: different sports teams.

12. Conflict-Resolution Skills
Empathy – The ability to put yourself in another person’s shoes. It is a matter of treating others with the same degree of respect that you would want from them and identifying with their concerns.

13. Patience and tolerance – Think before you speak or act
Patience and tolerance – Think before you speak or act. Giving others the time to explain their case to you.

14. Clear and direct messages – Express yourself clearly and in a non-threatening way. Try to keep your emotions in check.

15. Creative thinking – Think “outside the box
Creative thinking – Think “outside the box.” Brainstorm as many possible solutions as you can.

16. Critical thinking – Being able to think about all of the aspects of the problem at hand.
Find out the root cause of the problem and come up with… “workable solutions”.

17. Assertiveness – Always use “I messages,” maintain eye contact and use confident body language.

18. Active listening – Indicate that you are listening either in a verbal or nonverbal manner

19. Seat Work Read page 264-267 and complete page 89 in your workbook.
In partners complete the case studies on page 90 in your workbook.

20. Anger-Management Strategies
Dealing with anger:
Determine the causes
Use relaxation techniques – Deep breathing, going for a walk, etc.
Avoid triggering conflict – Be aware of situations that cause conflict.
Keep your feelings in check – Avoid the things that trigger your anger.

21. Take responsibility for your actions
Chill out: walk away from a conflict – Take yourself away from the situation for a brief period of time to cool down.

22. Mediation Step 1&2 Establish the ground rules
Hear both sides of the story, taking into account each person’s point of view and how each is feeling
Step 3&4
Find out whose best interests are being served by the possible outcomes of the conflict
Come up with two or three solutions that serve the interests of both sides
Step5&6
Evaluate each option using objective criteria
Arrive at an agreement that is acceptable to both sides

23. Adjudication
An adult in a position of authority decides upon the appropriate solution
Adjudicator listens to both sides of the story:
Asks each party what they think the best solution is
Considers the consequences of each solution
Adjudicator makes the final decision
Both parties have previously agreed to accept this decision

24. Peer Mediation
A voluntary, confidential process that can be used to settle differences or disputes between students.

25. An alternative to: Adult involvement Adult decision making
Fighting, detention, or suspension

26. Conflicts that can be mediated:
Rumours
Friendship and relationship issues
Misunderstanding
Personal property grievances

27. Seat Work Read pages 270-272 Answer Questions 3,8,11 on page 273
Answer page 92 in
your workbook

28. Key Terms sexual harassment abuse violence hate crime gang violence
racism
ethnic violence
homophobia
abuse
violence
gang violence
bullying
cyber-bullying
dating violence

29. Definitions of Violence
Physical Violence: threatened or actual use of force to injure or hurt another person.
Non-Physical Violence: verbal and or emotional threats or abuse directed towards another
Assault: a physical attack or threat of attack.
Harassment: unwanted verbal/physical/emotional behaviour directed toward an individual or group.

30. Homophobia: irrational fear, dislike or hatred of gays and lesbians
Sexual Harassment: unwanted sexual behaviour that ranges from making sexual comments to forcing another person into unwanted sex acts.
Racism: behaviour that discriminates against people who are members of a certain racial or ethnic group
Sexism: particular set of attitudes and behaviour towards females because of their gender.

31. Bullying: an attempt by people to hurt or frighten those who are perceived to be smaller or weaker.
Extortion: threat of violence in order to remove clothing, money or other belongings from an individual.
Intimidation: abuse that frightens victims by actions, gestures, use of loud voice or destroying property.
Hate Crimes: crimes motivated by religious, racial, ethnic, sexual orientation or other bias.

32. Forms of Abuse Physical Non-Physical Hitting Kicking Pushing Slapping
Pinching
Using weapons
Sexual touching
(inappropriate or unwanted)
-Verbal e.g. name-calling, taunts, threats, swearing, making racial/sexual/gender comments
-Emotional/ Psychological e.g. mean looks (intimidation), ordering someone around, embarrassing comments, peer pressure, accusation, gossip/ slander

33. Discussion
Within your group of 2-3 students discuss the following relationship facts & myths.
Decide which are facts and which are myths.

34. Relationship Myths or Facts
Most teens do not get along with their parents.
What people want in friend and dating relationships changes during adolescence.
Teens who grow up in families where there is violence will be violent as adults.
Relationship skills can be taught the same way basketball skills or math can be taught.
If one of my friends chooses to be in an abusive relationship, there is nothing I can do to help him or her.

35. Use of alcohol and/or drugs causes violence.
Excluding someone from a group or spreading rumours about a person can be as harmful as physical violence.
Teens in gay/lesbian relationships face the same kinds of issues as teens in heterosexual relationships.
Bullying usually happens when someone abuses his/her power over someone else.
Bullying is mainly something that happens in elementary school.
Bullying is usually something done by males.

36. Abuse and Violence Abuse: Violence:
Mistreating someone verbally, physically, or emotionally
Direct and overt or disguised and covert
Violence:
Acts of aggression and abuse that cause, or are intended to cause, injury or harm to another person

37. Psychological / Emotional Abuse
Direct:
Verbal and/or emotional threats or abuse directed towards another
Can include intimidation and harassment
Controlling behaviour in a relationship
Indirect:
Excluding someone from a group
Rumour spreading
Cyber harassment/bullying

38. Physical Abuse
Threatened or actual use of force to injure or hurt another

39. Financial Abuse
extortion (threat of violence so that an individual has to pay to avoid violence or unpleasant consequences)
blackmailing
continuously borrowing money (the lender does not feel like s/he has a choice)

40. Sexual Abuse
Rape, incest, unwanted sexual touching, date rape, harassment
Although psychological abuse has its own category, ALL forms of violence have a psychological impact on victims.

41. Types of Violence Scenarios
Identify the type(s) of violence:
A grade eleven student makes a grade nine student pay money to get down a certain hallway at school
Calling someone “fat” every day
Calling someone a fag/lesbian/dyke
Ignoring your dating partner because they were talking to someone else
Threatening to hit your partner

42. Violence Scenarios Con’t
Borrowing money from a friend on a regular basis, but never paying it back
Threatening to fight with someone if they tell on you about something you have done
Spreading rumours about someone in your class
A group of friends makes fun of the way another student dresses each day
Forcing someone to participate in sexual activity

44. Images of Violence in the Media
Video Games
The current games are more realistic than ever and are very violent in nature. They are believed to have harmful effects on people who spend a great deal of time playing them. Video games promote acts of violence so much so that suggested minimum ages for each game are now given.

45. Television and Movies
Young people spend a great deal of time watching television. Continuous exposure to negative and violent images can have an impact of the youth of today.

46. Music and Music Videos
Some song writers write music that deals with violence or the glorifying of violence and might include the use of vulgar language. This can have a negative impact on the youth that might listen.

47. Pornography
It can be offensive to women and men alike.

48. Media Content Ratings
Music, movies and video games are subject to warnings and ratings are visible to consumers.

49. Images of Violence - Statistics
television programs present 8 acts of violence per hour during prime time on the 3 major networks
the average Canadian child watches 22 hours of television per week
the average child in the United States watches murders and other violent acts on television by the time he/she leaves elementary school
by the time boys reach age 18, they have seen an average of murders, mainly committed by men
the video game industry is aimed at boys 7-14 years old; the most popular games are extremely violent, promoting male dominating, racist behaviour as glamorous
children who watch a lot of violent television act out and tolerate a lot more aggressive behaviour from each other

50. A study on the internet usage of nearly 6000 Canadian children aged 9-17 years found:
more than 1/4 of 9-10 year olds indicate they go to private and adult-only chat rooms, the rate increases with age to 66% for year olds
15% of all young internet users have met in person at least one individual whom they first met on the internet. 12% of them say they had a bad experience
more than ½ of young internet users have received pornographic junk mail; the vast majority did not tell their parents
almost 1/4 of youth (24%) have received pornography on the internet from someone they met online

51. Desensitization:
“Desensitization is the process of lessening a person’s response to certain things by overexposing that person to these same things. People who witness actual occurrences of violence in their homes and communities also become desensitized. The danger of becoming desensitized is that a person no longer recognizes dangerous and wrong types of behaviour that are associated with the likelihood of violence.”

52. Bullying Male bullying: Female bullying: Cyber-bullying:
Used to consist of more direct, physical aggression
Now includes more indirect forms: taunts, threats, intimidation, extortion, and exclusion
Female bullying:
More likely to use indirect forms: exclusion, spreading rumours, using emotional blackmail, ostracism, and manipulation
Cyber-bullying:
Using websites, , and phone or text messaging to threaten, intimidate, or antagonize others
Can also include breaking into accounts, using to spread hurtful gossip, spamming, and creating demeaning websites

53. Bullying - Roles People Can Play
Perpetrator
Person or persons acting in a violent or aggressive way
Victim
Person being targeted by perpetrator(s) in that particular situation

54. Passive Bystander
People who watch the events unfolding and do not intervene
The presence of bystanders can increase the intensity of the violence because it creates an audience effect
Examples:
1) People who look the other way when someone is yelling at their girlfriend in a parking lot
2) A group of students gathering around a fight that is taking place and yelling

55. Instigator
Someone who helps to start a conflict, or encourages a peer to be violent, but may not be directly involved in the conflict themselves
Example: Someone who spreads rumours or encourages someone to pick a fight with another person

56. Defender of Victim
Someone who tries to stand up for somebody being bullied, harassed or targeted by someone else
This can include direct defending (such as telling a bully to stop) or indirect defending (such as inviting a targeted victim to join a different group)

57. Help Seeker
Someone who tries to get help from an adult or other peers
Examples:
1) a student who tells a teacher that a fight is going to happen after school
2) a student talking to a guidance counsellor because he or she is worried that a friend is being abused by a dating partner

58. Mediator / Peace Maker
Someone who tries to help problem solve a conflict or situation, typically before it becomes violent
Example: two students who are usually friends have got into an argument and rumours are starting that there is going to be a fight - a third friend talks to both of the friends separately and finds out what each is most upset about, and then helps the two friends talk things out in a calm manner

59. If You Are Being Bullied
Try to walk away and ignore the person
Tell an adult or an authority figure
Find people who share your interests and spend time with them
Support and stick up for one another
Don’t blame yourself

60. If Someone Else Is Being Bullied
Tell an adult or an authority figure
Encourage the victim to talk to an adult
Talk to the bully about his or her actions
Lend support to the victim
Don’t participate: a bully’s power comes from having an audience

61. Sexual Abuse and Dating Violence
Abusive relationships:
Anger, jealousy, possessiveness, cruelty, and manipulation
Victims are often afraid of what will happen if he or she ends the relationship
Dating violence:
Any sexual, physical, or psychological attack made on one partner by the other in a dating relationship

62. Getting Out of an Abusive Relationship
Why do people stay in abusive relationships?
How could you help a friend who is in an abusive relationship?

63. Sexual Harassment
Any unwanted sexual behaviour of any kind, including:
Suggestive remarks of a sexual nature
Unwelcome sexual invitations or requests
Inappropriate touching
Unwelcome or repeated remarks about a person’s body, appearance, or sexual orientation

64. Hate Crimes
A crime committed against a person or group of people because of their:
Colour
Race
Religion
Ethnic origin
Sexual orientation

65. Racism Belief in the superiority of a particular race
The prejudice, antagonism, or violence shown toward other races
Ethnic violence:
Violence toward other groups, based on differences of religion or culture
Violence and harassment motivated by racism is considered a hate crime in Canada

66. Homophobia
The fear of, or contempt for, other people because of their sexual preference or gender identification
Considered a hate crime in Canada
Prevent homophobic violence by:
Accepting people’s sexual preference or gender identification
Discarding prejudices
Keeping language free of biased terms
Showing kindness and acceptance to all students

67. Safer Schools, Safer Communities
Be inclusive – reach out to all students
Lead by example – never walk past an act of aggression without doing something positive to prevent it – report it
Tell someone you trust – it takes courage to tell someone that you feel hurt or threatened – having an adult that you can count on is important to have
Take advantage of school and community resources – building a sense of community within your school can make it a safer one