1. Solar Industry Overview Industry Funding (3-5) -- follow the money!
Major technologies (3-4)
Manufacturing process & challenges: quality & reliability (3)
Solar Value Chain (1)
Installations – residential and commercial (1-2)
Future System building and building integration (2-3)
Industry Funding (3-5) -- follow the money!
Competitive landscape
Industry Growth
Careers
Business Opportunities
Key players
Career paths (sample job description)
Salaries
Training Opportunities / Education seminars
What you might need

2. Alternative Energy Industry Overview
Include team member intro slide and an outline Where does solar fit in with other “clean” technologies? Have circle around PV, and solar is 1% of overall power generation

3. Solar PV Technologies
What types of technologies exist within the solar industry?

4. Solar Efficiency
How well do each of the technologies work? Include efficiency on y-axis

5. Technological Comparison
Technology
Advantage
Disadvantage
c-Si
High efficiency
Abundance of material
High cost to manufacture
High cost of materials
a-Si
Low cost
Abundant and safe material
Low efficiency
Degrades with temperature increase
CIGS
Bandgap tunability
Scarcity of Indium
Cd is toxic
Reliability has not been tested
CdTe
Te is scarce
Concentrating solar
Takes up a lot of room
Transmission of energy over long distances
Why should you use one technology over another?

6. What are the physics behind the different solar technologies?

7. Solar Cell Construct-Silicon Based
Monocrystalline Si Cell
Amorphous Si Cell
What does a silicon solar cell look like?
Amorphous Si & Microcrystalline Cell

8. Silicon Solar Cell Manufacturing Flow
How is a silicon solar cell manufactured?

9. Thin Film Cell Construct
Cadmium Telluride/Cadmium Sulfide Cell
Copper Indium Selenide
Copper Indium Gallium Selenide

10. Thin Film Solar Cell Manufacturing Process
Process Step
Technology Used
TCO Deposition, Front and Scribing
Active Layer Deposition
Activation
Scribing and TCO Deposition, Back
Interconnect and Encapsulation
Sputtering and Laser
Co-evaporation or Sputtering or Ink Jet Printing or Electro deposition
Chemical Bath or PVD (Phys Vapor Dep)
Mechanical and Sputtering
Lamination
Annealing & Sulfurization or RTA
CdS Deposition
Substrate
Active layer
Sulfurization
CdS layer
Interconnect
Resulting Structure
TCO contact

11. Selected Thin Film Landscape
TF Silicon CdTe CIS
Conversion efficiency 6-8% % <8-13%
Variants a-Si CdTe Cu/In/S
a-Si/a-Si Cu/In/Se
a-Si/uc-Si Cu/In/Ga/Se
a/Si/a-SiGe/a-SiGe
Selected manufacturers Unisolar (US) First Solar (USA) Daishowa Shell (Japan)
Kaneka (Japan) Avancis (Germany)
Mitsubishi (Japan) Wuerth (Germany)
Sharp (Japan) Sulfurcell (Germany)
Schott (Germany) Miasole (USA)
Sanyo (Japan) Global Solar (USA)
Sionar (Taiwan) Nanosolar (USA)
Evergreen Solar/ESLR (US) Solyndra (USA)
HelioSphera (Greece)
Flexcell (Switzweland)
CSG Solar (Germany)
Process PE-CVD Vapor transport Various
Who are the different manufacturers of the different solar technologies? Slide needs to be redone, focus on major US companies, have a table with companies and major technologies

12. Thin Film PV Companies in US
a-Si/Thin-Si
Uni-Solar –MI
Applied Materials –CA
Power Films –IA
Energy PV –NJ
MV Systems –CO
XsunX –CA
OptiSolar –CA
Signet Solar –CA
Nano PV –NJ
MWOE Solar –OH
Proto Flex –CO
New Solar Ventures –NM
Innovalight –CA
Nanogram –CA
Soltaix –CA
Sierra Solar Power –CA
Evergreen Solar/ESLR –MA
Sencera –NC
AOS Solar
Ampulse
CdTe
First Solar –OH
Primestar Solar –CO
AVA Solar –CO
Solar Fields –OH
Canrom –NY
Ascentool –CA
Nuvo Solar Energy –CO
Zia Watt Solar –TX
Solexant –CA
Xunlight 26 Solar –OH
Sunovia –FL
NewCve –GA
Bloo Solar –CA
CIGS
Global Solar –AZ
Miasole –CA
Energy PV –NJ
Ascent Solar –CO
ISET –CA
ITN/ES –CO
Daystar –NY
Nanosolar –CA
Heliovolt –TX
Solo Power –CA
Solyndra –CA
RESI –NJ
Light Solar –NV
Ampulse –TN
Dow Chemicals –MI
Stion –CA
Sort out by state/region

13. Wafer Based PV Value Chain
Poly-Si Feedstock %
Ingot/Wafer Production 10%
Cell Production %
Module Assembly %
System Integration, Distribution and Installation 30%
Thin Film Based PV Value Chain
Glass Production %
Cell Production (CdTe, CIS) 20%
Module Assembly %
System Integration, Distribution and Installation 35%

14. Major Polysilicon Manufacturers
Wacker -Germany
Hemlock –USA
LDK - China
Dow Corning - USA
MEMC -USA
REC Silicon -Norway
Tokuyama -Japan
Mitsubishi Materials -Japan
Sumitomo Titanium -Japan

15. Si Wafer Start Up 1366 Technologies -MA 21-Century Silicon - TX
6N Silicon - ON
Advent Solar
AE Polysilicon
Blue Square Energy - MD
CaliSolar - CA
Confluence Solar - MO
ET Solar
Gamma Solar
NorSun
Peak Sun Silicon -OR
RSI Silicon - PA
SBM Solar - CA
Senergen Devices - CA
Silicon Genesis - CA
Solar Notion
Solaicx - CA
Solar Cell Repower - Norway
SpectraWatt - OR
Wriota
Add locations to the list

16. Worldwide Solar Module Demand
Worldwide solar module demand (MW)
Crystalline solar is projected to remain over 80% of the market for the foreseeable future
Long-term reliability & track record
Current polysilicon prices are adding significantly to production costs
Innovation and supply will bring the price of polysilicon down
Currently $1.161 per watt on average
Long-term $0.512 per watt
We believe the reduction of over 2x makes crystalline price competitive and expands the market
The key factor dictating success in this market is COST LOW COST WINS
15,372
13,587
10,828
CAGR: 43.7%
7,467
Does anyone have any better – “later” data or a better slide? This was before 2008
4,044
2,824
1,747
Source: Wall Street research
1 Based on 2008 estimated cost of polysilicon of $110/kg and 10.5 grams/watt
2 Based on 2012 estimated cost of polysilicon of $60/kg and 8.5 grams/watt 16

17. Top 10 PV Companies ( )
No. Name Technology Country Production (MW)
1 Q-Cells Si Germany 389
2 Sharp Si Japan 363
3 Suntech Si China 327
4 Kyocera Si Japan 207
5 First Solar CdTe USA 207
6 Motech Si Taiwan 196
7 Sanyo Si Japan 165
8 SunPower Si USA 150
9 Baoding Si China 143
10 SolarWorld Si Germany 140
More recent data? Combine with previous slide? This appear to be 2007 numbers.

18. Where are we going with the technology?
Highway signs
BIPV – Building Integrated PV – ake shingles from the PV and make the roof from the shingles…
Mounted means – just nailed down on the roof

19. The Race to $1/ Watt-Grid Parity
Higher efficiency leads lower costs -- JF will review and reformat this material How close are we to GRID parity?

20. Cell Technology Market Share
Blow up and make readable == identify who are the big players in each technology?

21. Case Study Residential Solar installation 2000 square foot house
3.5 KW system

22. Residential Solar System (Pros)
Reduce cost of electrical power
Opportunity in remodeling, upgrade home value
Doing “my thing” in improving environment EXAMPLE: 2000 sq ft home: approximately 7600 pound of CO2 averted per year
Lower energy cost for the future, especially in retirement
Tax incentives, putting tax money to good use
Possible leasing versus purchasing
Who would want a solar system and how can it become cost effective?

23. Residential Solar System (Cons)
Mobile society, not stay around long enough to reap the benefits
Initial outlay of investment, SLOW ROI, 7 to 8 years to break even point
Installation, disruption, possible additional structural needs
Solar panel failure, inverter failure
Having to periodically clean PV panels, breakage and hazard
Other problems, roof leaks, wind damage, etc.
Opportunity cost:
Bathroom remodel plus new heater and insulation (instant ROI if sell home and WITH energy savings
Add a bedroom plus bathroom (226 sq. ft. at $160 per) AND rent it out for $600/month net: break even ROI: 5 years.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES: reduced cost of system, longer life, better output, balance DC to AC inverter integrated systems
Inhibitors to solar technologies

24. Choosing a Contractor
If need a new roof: roofer/solar contractor may have an advantage as it is VERY CLEAR who is responsible if there are roof leaks.
Get 4 quotes, make sure you are looking at the latest offerings
ISSUES: Poor quality invertors, contractor may not install what they said they would install, undersized DC cables, and may have extra costs to connect to home AC panel/grid thus your ROI is less.
Make sure quotes use same AC rate increase plan 5% to 9% seen in quotes, in this economy will the rate increase slow down?
ReGrid Power, NextEnergy, PetersonDeanRoofing, too many to list
How to buy a solar power system

25. Considerations for Purchasing a System
System size
Installation location
Warranty
Initial cost, payment outlay
Maintenance Costs
Independent system or connected to grid
PPA: if you sell your home, can you afford to get out of the agreement?
Investment alternatives:

26. What is real system performance?
What is advertised performance?
How is performance defined?
How is performance measured?
Solar profile of installation site
Weather, dirt
Shadowing, daily profile
Electrical cable lengths
Efficiency versus temperature
Inverter
Questions to ask the solar company

27. Calculation of ROI, Parameters
Demographics of Usage
Peak power requirements-Are they to be satisfied?
Average power usage
Cost of system
Tax incentives
Actual cost of system
System operational parameters
Efficiency
Degradation
Power generation
Power cost
Electrical bill per today’s pricing,
Future inflation,
Future usage increase, decrease
System generated power cost in long term
Savings
Years to crossover point

28. Considerations for Long Term Operation
System performance degradation
Solar panel efficiency
Weathering, dirt
Sunlight availability, shadowing,
Cost of grid available power, inflation
New technology, upgrading of system
Balancing of modules

29. How will new technology affect ROI?
Implementation on current system
Power generation balancing
Anti-weathering coatings
Sunlight reflection onto panels
Solar tracking
Electrical power storage
Addition of storage capability

30. Comparative Sample Calculation
Demographics
Home with 2000 square feet
Partitioned into living quarters for one family
And 2 separate master bedrooms for single occupants
No air conditioning
Composite roof
Facing south west, plenty of sunlight, no shading
Plenty of roof space for solar panels
Comparing Sharp, First Solar, BP Solar and Sunpower PV panel based installations
Simple calc, only used the expected AC savings, expected AC cost increases (at 2% and 5% per year rate assumptions), panel degradation and net of tax rebate costs used.
NOTE: Assumes CLEAN dust free sap free panels
CAUTION: Sales person my use 9% AC cost increases per year other inflation rate items and not take into account panel output degradation to show 2 or 3X the savings.
GOOD NEWS: up to 7600 pound of CO2 averted per year
These solar systems have 7 to 8 year to reach break even point and $28K to $45K savings in 18 years (18 years is PPA life and may be the “half life” for the Silcon based panels.)

31. Comparative ROI Calculation
Panel Type, Supplier
Sharp-PPA
Sharp
First Solar
BP Solar
SunPower
Model No.
ND-198U1F
FS-276
BP175
SP2-210
Cell Technology
Std Eff Silicon
Thin Film
CdS/CdTe
Hi Energy Mono Silicon
Area used on roof
Square Feet
246
402
221
214
System Rating
CEC A
C KWh
2.9
2.4
System Cost
$4,194 and $107/mo
$24,669
$20,439
$22,939
$28,148
Cost net Rebates
$4,194
$14,103
$10,660
$13,566
$16,626
Panel Degradation
In years
80% in 25 yrs
90% at 10 years, 80% at 25 years
90% at 12 years, 80% at 25 years
80% in 25 years
Degradation used in calculation
0.005 per year
0.008 per year
OTHER
MONITORING,
Buy out $13,195 at 5 years, $3,564 at 18 years/end
MONITORING
PREPAID RECYCLING, MONITORING
NONE, monitoring system not included
Ave AC Bill Monthly Savings
$152
$100
$120
$150
BREAK EVEN POINT
7 Years
8 Years
If 5% AC cost increase per year, savings at year 18
$13,196
$44,576
$28,454
$34,947
$43,843
If 2% AC cost increase per year, savings at year 18
$10,863
$36,692
$24,140
$28,767
$36,089
Installers, wearhousing, sales jobs – not a great deal of manufacturing jobs in this area

32. What you might need
Licenses
Certifications
Engineering
Installation

33. Web Survey of “Best” Commercial PV Modules (2007-2008)
Eff. (%) Module T.coef (%P/°C) Technology c/c-ratio
19.3 SunPower FZ-Si, ‘point contact’ 78%
17.4 Sanyo HIP-205BAE CZ-Si, ‘HIT’ 70%
15.1 BP CZ-Si, ‘PERL’ 61%
14.2 Kyocera KC200GT Only for VOC MC-Si 67%
14.2 SolarWorld SW 185 Only for VOC CZ-Si 67%
13.4 SolarWorld SW 225 Only for VOC MC-Si 64%
13.4 Suntech STP 260S -24V/b MC-Si 63%
13.3 Sharp ND-216-U1 Not given MC-Si 63%
11.0 WürthSol / CIGS 55%
10.4 First Solar FS CdTe 63%
8.5 Sharp NA-901-WP -0.24%/C a-Si/nc-Si 70%
6.3 Mitsubishi H. MA100 T a-Si (1-j) 64%
6.3 Uni Solar PVL-136 (-0.21) a-Si (3-j) 52%
6.3 Kaneka T-SC Not given a-Si (1-j) 64%
Delete this …

34. Examples of Thin Film Cells
Q-Cell
Q-Cell
Q-Cell
Q-Cell
Move to appendix
Q-Cell