1. School of Education Communication and Language Sciences Modelling (for Christmas…) Using conceptual models to plan, analyse, synthesise, diagnose, predict and present Ann Briggs

2. AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT HOME COMMUNITY Disease- causing vectors Water quality and supply Food safety and security of supply Natural hazards Housing and shelter Noise Social environment Sanitation and hygiene Ionising and non- Outdoor and indoor air pollution Solid waste Transport and Hazardous chemicals ionising radiation industrial accidents

3. Social policy Environmental policy Economic policy Energy policy Agricultural development Building regulations and planning Emission controls Land use zoning Housing policy Improved stoves Improvements to waste collection services Education/counselling Food supplementation Health surveillance Improved respiratory health care Acute respiratory infections Inadequate nutrition Exposure to environmental pollution Exposure to biological pathogens Poor housing/shelter Poor food security Inadequate waste collection/ disposal Poverty Inadequate environmental policy/controls Social/economic exclusion HEALTH OUTCOME EXPOSURE CONTEXT Overcrowding Indoor air pollution Use of biomass fuels Industrial emissions Chronic respiratory illness Road traffic

6. Government policy Partnership Strategic leadership Legal / political driving force Senior leaders Bring partnership into organisational leadership Length & strength of partnership activity Mutual trust Common goals Ambivalence: enthusiasts & cynics Power issues / Resource issues Multiple agendas / Multiple cultures Middle leaders Operationalise the partnership Learners Receive the client outcome Effective links between senior leaders Effective links - senior & middle leaders Effective links between middle leaders Understanding of partnership purpose Understanding of partnership activity Multiple, contradictory policies Ability to lead collectively for common good Time to build partnership activity Means to carry out partnership activity Level of workforce development Leadership depends upon… Leadership constrained by… The learners drive the partnership

7. Tensions barriers ambiguities Ambivalence and fear of risk Resource issues Level of workforce development Time to build partnership activity Power issues Contradictory Government policies Level of trust between partners Multiple agendas Differing cultures Logistical issues Communication issues Single-institution models of strategy and operation

8. How to use the models For research design For data analysis and synthesis For diagnosis: evaluation of individual elements assessment of tensions and compensations For strategy:identify areas of strength / for development For prediction:what would happen if…? For theory-building