1. Enzyme Catalysis Lab

2. Goals for the Day 1.Describe what an enzyme is and what it does 2.Be able to define activation energy 3.Discuss why enzymes are important in our bodies and in other organisms

3. Question of the Day Draw a basic chemical equation/reaction You do not have to use specific elements or compounds, you may just use letters such as A, B

4. Chemical Reactions The breaking down or building up of substances Example of a chemical equation Reactants Product Na + Cl NaCl The arrow is like an equals sign

5. Chemical Reactions The breaking down or building up of substances Reactants = what we start with Products = what we end with

6. Chemical Reactions The breaking down or building up of substances Example of a chemical equation Reactants Product NaCl Na + Cl The arrow is like an equals sign

7. Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions require energy to start Example of a chemical equation Reactants Product NaCl Na + Cl The arrow is like an equals sign

8. Chemical Reactions What does activate mean? Activation Energy is the energy needed to start a reaction Getting out of bed in the morning - Energy is needed to activate yourself Energy comes in many forms!!!!!!!!

9. Chemical Reactions Activation Energy is the energy needed to start a reaction ENERGY TIME ACTIVATION ENERGY Products Reactants

10. A car has been running for a while you turn it off and open the hood. You touch the engine what happens? What does it feel like? The reactions need a high temperature to run. Why? What is heat? What does the heat represent in this situation?

11. Reactions in your body also require a high temp. Does your body get as hot as the car engine? What would happen if your body was this hot?

12. Enzymes Enzyme – A protein that acts as a catalyst Catalyst – a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up or destroyed. Enzymes are responsible for most chemical reactions in living things. ENZYMES

13. Enzymes How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction? ENZYMES speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy (the amount of energy required to start a reaction) ENZYMES

14. Enzymes ENZYMES speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy (the amount of energy required to start a reaction) ENZYMES ENERGY TIME ACTIVATION ENERGY Products Reactants ACTIVATION ENERGY with ENZYME

15. Enzymes ENZYMES Why do we put the enzyme above the arrow, and not on the side of the reactants or products? Example of a chemical equation Reactants Product AB A + B ENZYME

16. ENZYMES Enzymes do not ever get used up. Enzymes do not die, but they can denature (become unusable, ruined, no longer work) Three things that effect enzyme activity 1. Temperature 2. pH (acidic or basic) 3. Concentration (how many enzymes are working)

17. Catalase 2H 2 O 2 Catalase 2H 2 O + O 2

18. Substrate Molecule that uses an enzyme Active Site Folds in an enzyme where the substrate fits

19. Enzymes Anabolic Enzyme – helps to build a molecule Example of reaction helped by anabolic enzymes: Photosynthesis

20. Enzymes Catabolic Enzyme – helps to break something down Example of reactions helped by catabolic enzymes: Digestion

21. Catalase 2H 2 O 2 Catalase 2H 2 O + O 2

22. An enzyme does one of two things: 1. Breaks the substrate apart (releasing energy) 2. Puts two substrates together (absorbing energy) When reactions are complete the enzyme lets go of the substrate(s) Cells contain thousands of different kinds of enzymes. Each Makes a different chemical reaction happen. Not all cells contain the same enzymes.

23. Enzymes Catabolic Enzyme – helps to break something down Example of reactions helped by catabolic enzymes: Digestion

24. Catalase 2H 2 O 2 Catalase 2H 2 O + O 2 Hydrogen peroxide is produced naturally in living organisms during several chemical reactions, and therefore most living organisms also have catalase to break it down.

26. How Beano Works: Complex indigestible sugars found in many plant products such as beans, cabbage, broccoli, onions, soy products, and others can ferment in your digestive system releasing gas in the form of flatulence. The enzyme in Bean-zyme breaks these sugars down into less complex sugars that the human body can digest, thus reducing or eliminating the intestinal gas formed. The enzyme is made from a safe food grade mold.

27. When you breakdown a molecule you release energy. NaCl Na + Cl Energy! Energy Absorbed Energy Released

28. When you make a molecule the molecule absorbs energy. Energy! Na + ClNaCl Energy Absorbed Energy Released