1. Section A People, work and development

3. Higher (i) Bengaluru provides a pleasant living environment. Use one piece of map evidence to support this statement. [1] (ii) What evidence is there that Infosys is accessible to its workers and business partners? [3] (iii) Explain how Electronics City provides a welcoming business environment for new IT industries. (4) Foundation (i) List two features of the map that suggest Bengaluru provides a pleasant place for people to live. [2] Feature 1: Feature 2: (ii) Suggest two ways in which Infosys Technologies is well located for managers visiting from abroad. [2] Way 1: Way 2: (iii) Electronics City has features that may attract new IT industry. Complete the ‘heads and tails’ below to make sentences that explain some of these features. One has been done for you. [4] (c) Study Map 2 opposite. It shows the location of Infosys Technologies Ltd at Electronics City near Bengaluru. Feature There are over 120 IT companies IT technical support is provided It has schools and colleges It has a well developed road network Water and electricity is supplied Attraction so start up costs are reduced so a new workforce is educated so it is easy to bring in components so they can support each other so computers rarely stay shut down to all plots

4. Expected Answer MarksRationale Foundation Golf course (1) Cubbon Park / park (1) Tiffany’s restaurant / restaurants (1) Chinnaswamy Stadium / sports stadium (1) Race course (1) Variety of shops (1) Hospitals (1) Entertainment (1) Accept range of leisure facilities. 2 Credit two simple features either named directly from the map or more generally perceived from it. 2A Relatively close to / easy access to airport (1) Nearby hotel / convenient accommodation (1) Good transport links (1) Near outskirts so easier to visit (1) 2Credit two simple statements There are over 120 IT companies so they can support each other It has schools and colleges so a new workforce is educated It has a well developed road network so it is easy to bring in components Water and electricity is supplied to all plots so start up costs are reduced 4 Higher Golf course (1) Cubbon Park (1) Tiffany’s Restaurant (1) Chinnaswamy Stadium / race course (1) Hospitals (1) Colleges (1) Range of leisure facilities (1)good transport links (1) not 'lots to do' 1 Credit only specific map evidence. Close to/from Bengaluru airport (1) Good road access (1) Many IT companies are located close together (1)Hotels for business people to stay (1) 3 Credit statements that clearly demonstrate the relative ease of access of the company to either or both categories. (1+1)+1 1x3 1K/1A/1S Max 2 unless refer to workers and business partners. Large number of similar companies (1) so scope for sharing R&D (1) Technical support (1) good accessibility e.g. roads/airport (1) for workers/deliveries/goods (1) Large experienced/skilled/educated labour force (1) so potential for future staff (1). All infrastructure / facilities are provided (1) so set-up costs are minimum (1) space (1) to build/expand (1) close to market (1) low transport cost (1) 4Two simple and one elaborated or two elaborated statements. Max 2 marks if there is no explanation.

5. As well as modern industry, India has many traditional industries. Study the two photographs below. Higher D (i) Compare working conditions in this informal clothing factory and the formal IT workplace. [4] (ii)Electronics City is planned to grow considerably over the next twenty years. Explain how this is likely to affect the quality of life of people living in the Bengaluru area. [5] Foundation D(i) Disadvantages of informal work include not having a contract and irregular wages. Suggest one advantage of informal work. [1] (ii) List three features of working conditions in the clothing industry factory. [3] Feature 1: Feature 2: Feature 3: (iii) Explain one way in which formal employment in the IT industry can be better for the workers than informal working in the clothing industry. [2] (iv) Electronics City is planned to grow considerably over the next twenty years. Describe and explain ways in which this is likely to affect people living in the Bengaluru area. [4]

6. Expected Answer MarksRationale Foundation Can decide when / when not to work (1), don’t pay taxes (1), can care for young children (1) 1Credit 1 simple advantage 1K Cramped (1), low tech (1), untidy (1) dangerous (1) hot (1) 3Credit three simple features of the conditions either directly shown in the photograph or own knowledge. Greater individual work space / tidy environment (1) so less risk of accident (1).Greater privacy (1) so easier to concentrate (1).Set hours / paid holidays (1) so can plan private life /regular income (1).Governed / regulated (1) so fairer / safer working conditions (1)Pension schemes (1) so building for retirement (1)more money (1) 2Credit a simple explanation with 1 mark and its elaboration with a second mark. Explanation may be triggered by scenes in the photos or from knowledge. description: more jobs, more cars on road, more education. good effect/poor effect. Simple explanation: more workplaces, so more jobs. More people / goods travelling so more vehicles. Need for greater number of qualified workers so more education provided. Possible traffic congestion and rise in air pollution. Detailed explanation: more modern IT industries so shift from traditional to these, education to provide people qualified to high level in IT, results in higher wages and more formal employment. Add = longer travel time, lung disease. Short and long term addressed. 4 Response insufficient for Level 1 0 Level 1: simple description 1 mark Level 2: simple explanation that is lacking in detail 2 marks Level 3: detailed explanation 3/4 marks Higher The garment factory is cramped whereas the IT has more space (1) OR The garment factory is more cramped (1)The IT factory is much higher tech than the garment factory which is low tech (1) The IT is tidy whereas the garment factory is untidy (1) Factory is dark whereas IT is light (1) Conditions appear dangerous in the garment factory whereas they look safer in the IT (1). Working conditions appear cool in the IT whereas hotter in the garment factory (1) 4 Credit 4comparative statements. This is the key to marking. No reference to breaks/level of pay. Level 1 Description only More jobs. More traffic. Increased opportunities in IT education. Level 2 Simple explanation More modern IT industries so shift from traditional to these. Education to provide people qualified to high level in IT. Higher wages and more formal employment. More jobs so more income. Level 3 Detailed Explanation Likely to result in great pressure on roads in south Benagaluru area with resultant investment required. Similar for airport. Diverts funds from other public services. With time will bring greater management roles for Indian workers increasing quality of life opportunities. Create an increasing gulf between rich and poor. more jobs means more money to buy food/medicine so improves health more traffic leads to congestion/air pollution which causes poor health. 5Level 1 Description only (1 mark) Level 2 Simple explanation (2/3 marks) Level 3 Detailed explanation that is consistent with the evidence provided about Bengaluru (4/5 marks)

7. Case studies Answer only one of the questions, (i) or (ii) Either Tick your choice (i) For an area or country that has received aid: Name and locate the area or country. Describe the aid given. Explain how the aid affected the lives of different groups of people. Or (ii) For an economic activity that has damaged the environment: Name and locate the economic activity. Describe the effects of the activity on the environment. Explain how this activity leads to conflict between different groups of people. Higher (8)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Foundation (5) Name.................................................................. Location................................................................ Describe................................................................ Explain.................................................................

8. Expected Answer MarksRationale Foundation Candidates could use a case study of emergency aid after, for example, a flood event, hurricane or tsunami (Japan 2011). Expect a focus on shelter, food, water and medical aid. Alternatively a case study of long term (or development) aid is acceptable, for example in a sub-Saharan African country. Candidates may focus on long term development projects which provide aid for education, health care or micro-finance / micro-credit schemes. Fairtrade = not aid. max 3 internal aid can be credited, but not from government. Candidates may choose an economic activity that has affected an ecosystem can be any scale (such as logging of tropical hardwoods or cattle ranching in tropical rainforest). Alternatively they may focus on economic activities that affect the atmosphere (fossil fuel power stations or oil refineries causing global warming / acid rain) or marine / fluvial environments (oil spills or toxic / chemical spills eg toxic spill in tributary of the R Danube, Hungary 2010). Inappropriate example = max 3 5 Levels of response mark scheme. Work upwards from the lowest level. Award geography level first then QWC level. Adjust if necessary. Response insufficient for Level 1 0 Level 1: Choice of case study applied reasonably well. Gives simple description or explanation. Information is communicated by brief statements. (1/2 marks) Level 2: Appropriate choice of case study applied well. Gives descriptive points with some explanation. Communication includes some use of specialist terms. Some accuracy in spelling, punctuation and grammar. (3/4 marks) Level 3: Appropriate choice of case study applied very well. Provides a balanced account which includes specific description and explanation. Communication logical and includes specialist terms. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy (5 marks) Higher Award 0 marks if the answer is incorrect or irrelevant. This is an AID question - not about a government initiative. Candidates could use a case study of emergency aid after, for example, a flood event, hurricane or tsunami (Japan 2011). Expect a focus on shelter, food, water and medical aid on different groups of people such as children, men, women, or the elderly. Alternatively a case study of named long term (or development) aid is acceptable, for example in a sub-Saharan African country. Candidates may focus on long term development projects which provide aid for education, health care or micro-finance / micro-credit schemes. Candidates mayaddress different groups of people such as female school students, young mothers, those who are HIV positive. Max Level 1 if gives content. Candidates may choose an economic activity that has affected an ecosystem (such as logging of tropical hardwoods or cattle ranching in tropical rainforest). Alternatively they may focus on economic activities that affect the atmosphere (fossil fuel power stations or oil refineries causing global warming / acid rain) or marine / fluvial environments (oil spills or toxic / chemical spills eg toxic spill in tributary of the R Danube, Hungary 2010). Micro e.g. hedgerow removal and macro e.g. Tropical Rainforest removal scale both acceptable. 8Level 1: Gives basic, generic descriptive or explanation points. Communication is fairly clear and information is communicated by brief statements. There is some accuracy of spelling. (1/2 marks) Level 2: Appropriate case study named. Provides an account which includes some description and or explanation. Communication is more articulate. Some specialist terms are used correctly. There is clear accuracy of spelling, punctuation andgrammar. (3/4 marks) Level 3: Appropriate case study applied well. Provides a balanced account which includes elaborated description and explanation. Communication is logical and has structure. Some specialist terms are used with proficiency. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy. (5/6 marks) Level 4: Appropriate choice of case study applied very well. Provides a sophisticated account which includes wholly accurate description and explanation. Communication is sophisticated and includes regular use of specialist terms with proficiency. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have almost faultless accuracy. (7/8 marks)

9. Higher (i)What is meant by fair trade? [1] (ii) The Head Office of ‘Just Coffee’ is in the USA. Describe the distribution of ‘Just Coffee’s’ growers. [3] Foundation (i)In which country is the Head Office of ‘Just Coffee’? The Head Office of ‘Just Coffee’ is in.......................................................................... (ii)Use information from the map to complete the following passage. Choose from the words in the box. [4] Most of the coffee growing co-operatives are in Central and South........ They are located between the tropics of Cancer and........ Only one country has more than one coffee growing co-operative. This country is........ There are no coffee growing co-operatives in... parts of the world.

10. Expected Answer MarksRationale Foundation The Head office of 'Just Coffee' is in the USA Accept ‘America’ Do not accept ‘Wisconsin’. 1 Credit one mark for correct response. Most of the coffee growers are in Central and South America. They are located between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Only one country in Africa has more than one grower. This is Uganda. There are no coffee growers in cooler parts of the world. 4 Credit one mark for each correct answer however identified. Higher Bottom line: where the grower/producer is paid a fair price for the produce(1) 1 Credit one mark for a correct description. Examples: Located immediately either side of the Equator / within the tropics (1), Most are in Central / South America (1) some are in Africa / few in Africa (1) There are none in temperate latitudes / north or south of the tropics (1) There are no growers in Europe / Asia / Australia (1 max for list) Don’t allow opposites. 3 Credit three simple statements that collectively describe the distribution.

11. Higher (i)How may short term emergency aid from ‘Just Coffee’ drinkers help people in the affected area? [3] (ii) Explain how long term development aid might be used to help people living in poorer countries. [5] Foundation (i)One impact of the storm described above is the destruction of roads. Explain how this may have affected the lives of people. [1] (ii)Give one other impact of the storm described above. Explain how it may have affected the lives of people. [2] (iii)Give one type of short term emergency aid that could have helped La FEM. Explain how it might have helped. [2] (iv)Explain how long term development aid might help people living in poorer countries. [4]

12. Expected Answer MarksRationale Foundation Examples: disrupts transport/difficult to get to work/can't get aid in (1) 1 Credit one simple explanation Examples: Homes lost (1) evacuation/move away from area/financial loss/need to re-build/health implications (1) Possessions lost (1) financial loss/sentimental value Do not accept unqualified ‘homeless’ or ‘refugee’ as effects. 2 Credit one mark for impact and a 2nd for its explanation. Do not credit an effect not stated in the text box. Examples: Provide food / water (1) reduce hunger/starvation/ dehydration (1) Provide shelter/tents (1) somewhere covered to sleep (1) Provide medical supplies (1) combat disease/treat injured (1) 2 Credit one mark for a type of aid and one for the explanation. Illustrative content Allow a maximum of L2 for responses that relate to shorter term aid. Level 1: provides housing, a water supply, farm help Level 2: permanent home, reliable and clean water supply, regular harvest Level 3: self help housing provision, sustainable water supply, use of farm technology/surplus to sell 4 Levels of response marking. Work upwards through the levels. Response insufficient for Level 1 0 Level 1: Gives a simple description. 1 Level 2: Gives simple explanation that is lacking in detail 2/3 Level 3: Gives detailed and specific explanation 4 Higher Examples: but reward other short-term aid Food provided (1) P …. + reduces danger of hunger / starvation / saves lives (1) E … ++ fewer deaths (1) E Water provided (1) P + prevents dehydration (1) E …. ++ stops them drinking dirty water (1) E … or … fewer deaths/ saves lives (1) E … or less water borne disease (1) E Medical help given (1) P …. + stops pain / suffering (1) E …. ++ more survive their injuries (1) E Rescue teams find injured (1) P … + more survivors (1) E … ++ less psychological effects / family trauma (1) E Temporary tents / accommodation (1) P … + …give shelter (1) E …. + less misery / warmer / more comfort (1) E 3 Credit reference to short term aid. Either one simple point (P) accompanied by two related elaborations (E + E) or two simple points with associated elaboration (P + P + E). A maximum of two marks if no elaboration is attempted. Level 1: Provides education, Provide health care, Rebuilding of settlements New drainage / water supplies Level 2: - Education gives better opportunities for the future - Health care reduces disease - Rebuilding homes gives more comfortable living - New drains / water supply reduces disease. Level 3: - Education programmes improve job prospects, leading to higher standards of living / wider job opportunities - Health care increases well being / life expectancy / productive workforce - Rebuilding homes offers comfort / security / safety - New drains / water supply prevent water borne diseases such as cholera, so life expectancy increases / less strain on medical services - Aid will allow Nicaragua / la Fem co-op to target their resources in other projects, e.g. infrastructure / women’s rights 5 Levels of response marking. Work upwards through the levels. Mark Response insufficient for Level 1 0 Level 1: Gives only description 1 Level 2: Gives simple explanation lacking in detail 2/3 Level 3: Gives detailed and specific explanation 4/5 Max 2 marks if the aid is short term.

13. Higher Case studies Answer only one of the questions, either (i) or (ii). Either Tick (√) one box (i) For a place or places where people are planning to tackle the possible future effects of climate change: Name the place or places. Describe what they are planning to do. Explain why carrying out these plans may be difficult. Or (ii) For a country or region where the employment structure has changed: Name the country or region. Describe how the employment structure has changed. Explain the effects of these changes. [8] Foundation Case studies Answer only one of the questions, (i) or (ii). Either Tick (√) one box (i)For a place or places where people are planning to tackle the possible future effects of climate change: Name the place or places. Describe what they are planning to do. Explain why they think it necessary to plan in this way. Or (ii) For a country or region where the employment structure has changed: Name the country or region. Describe how the employment structure has changed. Explain why the employment structure has changed. [5]

14. Expected Answer MarksRationale Foundation Indicative Content: (i) Any place at any scale where attempts are being made to counter perceived effects of climate change: coastal management schemes, river flood alleviation, severe weather warning.... (ii) Any country or region where there has been a shift in employment involving a changed emphasis of sector. Accept a time scale no further back than, for example, a shift from primary to secondary/tertiary with mid to late 20th century coal mine closures. 5Levels of response mark scheme. Work upwards from the lowest level. Award geography level first then QWC level. Adjust if necessary. Response insufficient for Level 1 0 Level 1: Choice of case study applied reasonably well. Gives simple description or explanation. Information is communicated by brief statements. (1/2 marks) Level 2: Appropriate choice of case study applied well. Gives descriptive points with some explanation. Communication includes some use of specialist terms. Some accuracy in spelling, punctuation and grammar. (3/4 marks) Level 3: Appropriate choice of case study applied very well. Provides a balanced account which includes specific description and explanation. Communication logical and includes specialist terms. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy (5 marks) Higher Indicative content:  Allow for depth ie responses that target minutiae within a very focussed aspect of Climate C  Allow for breadth ie responses that take a more holistic response, with brevity across many aspects of Climate C  Allow responses focussed on preventative measures, to reduce the threat of climate change happening.  Allow for responses that accept climate change as inevitable, with the obvious consequences, and the steps available to reduce the likely impacts. Indicative content:  Allow responses that relate to nations (UK / China / Ghana)  Allow responses relating to defined areas (UK – Wales – South Wales – Port Talbot)  Allow responses referring to change over a long period (pre-industrial to post industrial)  Allow responses with a focus on short term (recent) change – closure of a steel works  Effects may relate to people (job prospects / income levels/ esteem) – positive negative  Effects may relate to the nation / region (wealth of / education needs / mobility of population) – positive negative  Effects may focus on environmental changes (brownfields created greenfields threatened / eyesores / new build tertiary) 8Level 1: Gives basic, generic descriptive or explanation points. Communication is fairly clear and information is communicated by brief statements. There is some accuracy of spelling. (1/2 marks) Level 2: Appropriate case study named. Provides an account which includes some description and or explanation. Communication is more articulate. Some specialist terms are used correctly. There is clear accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar. (3/4 marks) Level 3: Appropriate case study applied well. Provides a balanced account which includes elaborated description and explanation. Communication is logical and has structure. Some specialist terms are used with proficiency. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy. (5/6 marks) Level 4: Appropriate choice of case study applied very well. Provides a sophisticated account which includes wholly accurate description and explanation. Communication is sophisticated and includes regular use of specialist terms with proficiency. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have almost faultless accuracy. (7/8 marks)

15. Foundation Explain two ways that an increase in global temperatures is affecting people. [4] Higher Explain ways in which an increase in global temperatures is affecting people. [4]

16. Expected Answer MarksRationale Foundation and Higher Increased storms / rainfall (1) leading to flooding (1) and damage to property (1) wind/water damage to crops (1). Melting ice (1) leading to sea level rise (1) and flooding of farmland / homes (1) and environmental refugees (1) Decreased rainfall (1) leading to drought/ wildfires/ desertification (1) which may threaten water supply (1) or damage crops/ famine (1). Increase in tourism (1) leads to more income (1) or opposite (1) if refers to winter sports. Greater risk of disease e.g. malaria (1). 4 Credit one mark for each simple point and one for each elaboration / development. Allow 2+2 or 3+1. Annotate with S for simple point; E for elaboration.

17. Foundation (ii) Complete the diagram to show that: [2] wild sheep eat grass / snow leopards eat ibex (iii) Explain how the decline in numbers of snow leopards could affect this food web. [4] (d) Explain ways in which people can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. [4] Higher (ii) Snow Leopards in the Altai Mountains are under threat because, as temperatures increase, the snow line retreats up the mountain. Explain how the decline in numbers of snow leopards would affect this ecosystem. [4] (d) Explain ways in which people can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. [5]

18. Expected Answer MarksRationale Foundation Credit one mark for each correct completion (including arrowhead). 2 Arrow from grass to wild sheep (1) Arrow from ibex to snow leopards (1) An increase in herbivores / named example (1) because they are not being eaten (1). Increase in herbivores / named example leads to decrease in producers(1). Decrease in producers leads to decrease in herbivores / named example(1) 4 Credit max two marks for simple increase / decrease statements. Credit use of examples from the specific food web. Do not double credit same impact or effect and annotate if repetition of ideas. Description: use cars less, use public transport, insulate home, use renewable energy/buy electricity from renewable supplier. International agreements. Simple explanation: using cars less means less petrol is used so less emissions of CO2. Insulating home means less energy is needed. Emission targets for individual countries. Detailed explanation: Changing lifestyle or technology eg car sharing or buying a more fuel efficient vehicle means less petrol is used so less emissions of CO2. Most energy in UK is produced by burning fossil fuels so insulating home means less energy is needed and less emissions of CO2. Emission targets for specific group eg local council or named example of agreement. 4 Levels of response marking. Work upwards through the levels. Award 0 marks if the answer is incorrect or irrelevant Level 1: gives simple description (1 mark) Level 2: gives simple explanation, lacking in detail (2/3 marks) Level 3: gives detailed and specific explanation (4 marks Higher An increase in herbivores / named example (1) because they are not being eaten (1). Increase in herbivores / named example leads to decrease in producers (1). Decrease in producers leads to decrease in herbivores / named example (1) because not enough food (1) 4 Credit max two marks for simple increase / decrease statements. Credit use of examples from the specific food web. Do not double credit same impact or effect and annotate if repetition of ideas. Description: use cars less, use public transport, insulate home, use renewable energy/buy electricity from renewable supplier Simple explanation: using cars less means less fuel is used so less emissions of CO2. Insulating home means less energy is needed. Detailed explanation: Changing lifestyle or technology e.g. car sharing or buying a more fuel efficient vehicle means less petrol is used so less emissions of CO2. Most energy in UK is produced by burning fossil fuels so insulating home means less energy is needed and less emissions of CO2. Could use specific examples of case studies to illustrate this e.g. Bedzed or Amazonia 5 Level 1: gives only description 1 Level 2: gives simple explanation, 2/3 lacking in detail Level 3: gives detailed and specific 4/5 explanation

19. Foundation Case studies Answer only one of the questions, either (i) or (ii). Either Tick (√) one box (i) For a named Multinational Company (MNC or TNC): Name the MNC and an area in which it is located. Describe the effects that the MNC has on this area. Explain why the MNC is located in this area. Or (ii) For a country that trades with other countries: Name the country. Describe the pattern of international trade of this country. Explain the benefits and problems of international trade for this country. [5] Higher Case studies Answer only one of the questions, either (i) or (ii). Either Tick (√)one box (i) For a named Multinational Company (MNC or TNC): Name the MNC and an area in which it is located. Describe the effects that the MNC has on this area. Explain why the MNC is located in this area. Or (ii) For a country that trades with other countries: Name the country. Describe the pattern of international trade of this country. Explain the benefits and problems of international trade for this country. [8]

20. Expected Answer MarksRationale Foundation i) Accept any MNC. Description – effects on economy (positive multipliers), society (eg sweat shops) and/or environment (eg emissions). Explanation – location factors such as low labour costs, lower environmental regulation are explained. (ii) Accept country at any level of economic development. If the country is one of the least economically developed, expect to see emphasis on problems of trade. Description – names of exports, imports, facts and figures. Explanation – for problems accept why trade can cause problems such as over-reliance on unprocessed goods (eg cocoa trade). 5 Award 0 marks if the answer is incorrect or irrelevant. Max L2 if example is inappropriate (Africa is not a country!) Level 1: Gives a generic description or explanation point. Communication is basic: there is little or no structure and/or ideas are communicated in brief statements/bullet points. (1 mark) Level 2: Gives a range of generic descriptive or explanation points. Information is communicated by brief statements. There is a basic structure. There is reasonable accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar. (2/3 marks) Level 3: Provides an account which includes some description or explanation specific to the place. Communication is clear and logical. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy. (4/5 marks) Higher (i) Accept any MNC. Description – effects on economy (positive multipliers), society (e.g. sweat shops) and/or environment (e.g. emissions). Explanation – location factors such as low labour costs, lower environmental regulation are explained. (ii) Accept country at any level of economic development. If the country is one of the least economically developed, expect to see emphasis on problems of trade. Description – names of exports, imports, facts and figures. Explanation – for problems accept why trade can cause problems such as over-reliance on unprocessed goods (e.g. cocoa trade). 8Level 1: Gives a range of generic descriptive or explanation points. Information is communicated by brief statements. There is a basic structure. There is reasonable accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar. (1/2 marks) Level 2: Provides an account which includes some description or explanation specific to the place. Communication is clear and logical. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy. (3/4 marks) Level 3: Provides an account which includes description and explanation specific to the place. Communication is clear, logical and has structure. Specialist terms are used with proficiency. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy. (5/6 marks) Level 4: Provides a balanced account which includes elaborated description and explanation specific to the place. Communication is very clear, sophisticated and well structured. Specialist terms are used adeptly. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have consistent accuracy. (7/8 marks)