1. Presented by trivenee & Manisha
sound
Presented by trivenee & Manisha

4. Student needs How can create new slide? What is mean by sound?
Which is characteristics of sound waves?
What is echo sound?
How to prevention to avoid reverberation sound?
How to collect information of prevention of sound pollution?
What is noise pollution?
How to collect information of prevention of noise pollution?

5. AIMS OF PROJECT
Students will recognize that the human body is the made of system with structures and functions are related and serve different function in growth & survival.
student know the understand interrelationship among science ,technology & human activity & how they can affect the world.

6. Sound Sound means basically the mechanical vibrations.
These vibrations require a material medium to travel through.
eg : Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Meaning Sound cannot travel through Vacuum. (Why ?)

7. Sound travels in form of waves
Longitudinal waves

8. Characteristics of waves
Amplitude
Wavelength
Frequency
Time period
Velocity of wave
Play

9. Wavelength (l)
The distance between any two adjacent wave crests1 (wave crests that are next to each other) or any two adjacent wave troughs2 in a wave.
1. Crest: The highest point reached by a wave.
2. Trough: The lowest point reached by a wave.

10. Amplitude (A)
The maximum displacement (difference between an original position and a later position) of the material that is vibrating. Amplitude can be thought of visually as the highest and lowest points of a wave.

11. Frequency (f/n)
The number of wave crests (or wave troughs) that pass a given point per unit of time (usually per second).
Frequency (f) = 1 / Time Period (T)
SI unit of ‘f’ is Hertz (Hz).
Hz = 1 / sec

12. Time period (T)
It is the time taken by a wave to complete a certain number of fixed oscillations. Usually of 1 wavelength.

13. Longitudinal vs. Transverse Waves
UCSD: Physics 8; 2006
Longitudinal vs. Transverse Waves
Sound is a longitudinal wave, meaning that the motion of particles is along the direction of propagation
Transverse waves—water waves, light—have things moving perpendicular to the direction of propagation
Spring 2006

14. How sound is produced
Sound travels due to vibrations (disturbance) produced in the medium.
Video 1
Video 2
Video 3
Video 4

15. Echo Reflection of sound is called Echo.
We can hear two consecutive sounds only if there is a time gap of 1/10th of a second (0.1s).
Note that this value is only for sound in air and will be different for different mediums.
Let us calculate the minimum distance to hear a Echo…..

16. Reverberation Basically it is unwanted Echo.
Reverberation in a hall can be avoided by use of :
Panels made of porous & soft materials.
Using floor carpets
Using curtains, sofa sets etc.

17. Human Ear Human ear senses sound by the vibration of ear drums.
eg: Video 1 , Video 2, Video 3
The human can hear all the frequencies between 20 – 20,000 Hz.
Frequencies < 20 Hz are called Infrasonic.
eg : Whales
Frequencies > 20,000 Hz are called Ultrasonic.
eg : Bats

18. Longitudinal vs. Transverse Waves
UCSD: Physics 8; 2006
Longitudinal vs. Transverse Waves
Sound is a longitudinal wave, meaning that the motion of particles is along the direction of propagation
Transverse waves—water waves, light—have things moving perpendicular to the direction of propagation
Spring 2006

19. Noise pollution
Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal or machine-created environmental noise .that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The word noise comes from the Latin word nauseas meaning seasickness.
The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise.[1][2] Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential area.

20. CONTENT 1 Health effects 1.1 Human health 1.2 Wildlife health
2 Impact in the United Kingdom Mitigation and control of noise Legal status See also References External link

21. Health effects
Human health
Noise health effects are both health and behavioral in nature. The unwanted sound is called noise. This unwanted sound can damage physiological and psychological health. Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects.[3][4][5][6] Furthermore, stress and hypertension are the leading causes to health problems, whereas tinnitus can lead to forgetfulness, severe depression and at times panic attacks.[4][7]
Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss.

22. Wildlife health
Noise can have a detrimental effect on animals, increasing the risk of death by changing the delicate balance in predator or prey detection and avoidance, and interfering the use of the sounds in communication especially in relation to reproduction and in navigation. Acoustic overexposure can lead to temporary or permanent loss of hearing.

23. Technology to mitigate or remove noise can be applied as follows:
Mitigation and control of noise
Main article: Noise mitigat
The sound tube in Melbourne, Australia, designed to reduce roadway noise without distracting from the area's aesthetics.
Technology to mitigate or remove noise can be applied as follows:
There are a variety of strategies for mitigating roadway noise including: use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design. An important factor in applying these strategies is a computer model for roadway noise, that is capable of addressing local topography, meteorology, traffic operations and hypothetical mitigation. Costs of building-in mitigation can be modest, provided these solutions are sought in the planning stage of a roadway project.

24. Noise control is an active or passive means of reducing sound emissions, often incentivised by personal comfort, environmental considerations or legal compliance.
Types of noise control
There are four basic principles of noise control:
Sound insulation : prevent the transmission of noise by the introduction of a mass barrier. Common materials have high-density properties such as brick, thick glass, concrete, metal etc.
Sound absorption: a porous material which acts as a ‘noise sponge’ by converting the sound energy into heat within the material. Common sound absorption materials include decoupled lead-based tiles, open cell foams and fiberglass
Vibration damping: applicable for large vibrating surfaces. The damping mechanism works by extracting the vibration energy from the thin sheet and dissipating it as heat.
Vibration isolation.

25. THANK YOU