1. Respiratory System

2. Functions Supply oxygen to the body
Breathing the movement of chest that brings air into lungs and removes waste gases
Cellular respiration oxygen is used by the cells to release energy from glucose
Waste products of carbon dioxide and water

3. Organs
Pharynx tube-like passage used by food, liquid, and air. Lower end has tissue flap called epiglottis to prevent food from entering airway
Larynx contains vocal cords used to speak
Trachea tube held open by rings of cartilage, lined with cilia and mucous
Bronchi the two short branches the trachea splits into
Bronchioles smallest tubes
Alveoli clusters at end of bronchioles that are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen enters blood and waste products exit blood

5. Breathing
Signals from brain tell muscles in chest and abdomen to contract and relax
If carbon dioxide levels in blood increase, breathing rate increase, and vice versa
Diaphram muscle that contracts and relaxes to move gas into and out of the lungs

6. Diseases Respiratory infections colds, flu, pneumonia
Chronic bronchitis bronchial tubes become irritated and swell; too much mucus produced, excess coughing can damage cilia, form scar tissue, and reduce function
Emphysema disease of alveoli, which enlarge and fail to function effectively
Causes shortness of breath
Can lead to heart problems
Lung cancer uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue
Smoking greatest contributing factor
Tar and other ingredients are carcinogens
Asthma bronchial tubes contract quickly, causing shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing

8. Excretion

9. Functions
Remove body wastes through skin, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and urinary systems
Urinary system gets rid of cell waste that accumulates in blood and controls blood volume
Part of brain called hypothalamus controls amount of water in blood
If too much water, hormones tell kidneys to increase amount of urine and return less water to blood

10. Organs of Urinary System
Kidneys pass blood through filtering units called nephrons
Urine drains from kidneys to the bladder through tubes called ureters
Urethra passes urine out of the body
Liver produces a chemical called urea which ends up in urine

12. Diseases Bladder infections Kidney failure
A person with one kidney can live normally
If both kidneys fail, the person may need a dialysis machine to filter blood