1. Simple Hand Washing Devices 1 Marco Bruni, seecon international gmbh

2. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Copy it, Adapt it, Use it – But Acknowledge the Source! Copyright Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the open- source concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing organisations. To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. This agreement officially states that: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 You are free to: Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this document. Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using. Disclaimer The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations. Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided. Copyright & Disclaimer

3. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Contents 1.Introduction 2.Hand Washing and Public Health 3.Design of Hand Washing Devices 4.References 3

4. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Hygiene, Public Health and Diseases Health issues are often closely related to hygiene practices and the management of water and sanitation. 4 1. Introduction Hand Washing… …blocks of the transmission of diseases. … is not common everywhere. … is cheap & simple. … has the potential to significantly improve your local water and sanitation system … doesn’t easily become a part of people’s daily routines.

5. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Faecal-Oral Transmission Route 5 2. Hand Washing and Public Health How can simple hand washing optimise my local sanitation and water system? Source: WATERAID (2008)

6. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Hand Washing Can Block the Transmission Route 6 2. Hand Washing and Public Health Source: WATERAID (2008)

7. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Hand Washing Can Block the Transmission Route 7 2. Hand Washing and Public Health Hand washing can considerably contribute to an improved and sustainable sanitation system by interrupting the transmission of disease agents. Consequently, diarrhoea, respiratory infections as well as skin infections and trachoma are significantly reduced. Example: A study suggests that hand washing with soap, particularly after contact with faeces (post-defecation and after handling a child’s stool), can reduce diarrhoeal incidence by 42-47 percent. CURTIS et al. (2000)

8. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info The General Design Principle SIMPLE, EFFECTIVE, SUSTAINABLE 8 3. Design of Hand Washing Devices Source: US AID (2009) Source: http://pijudy.unblog.fr/files/2009/04/consommation.jpg [Accessed: 14.06.2012] http://pijudy.unblog.fr/files/2009/04/consommation.jpg

9. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Design Concerns Technical considerations: Convenient location of facilities (i.e. close to work place, community centre, toilet facilities, etc.) Convenient installation (e.g. height suit both children and adults) Clean area / comfort (e.g. drainage, frequent cleaning) Properly working devices (e.g. frequent maintenance) 9 3. Design of Hand Washing Devices BUT: That’s not good enough! Need for making users understand of the purpose and benefits of hand washing (awareness raising) in order to make the consequent use of hand-washing facilities an integral part of people’s daily routines.

10. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Example 1: Simple Hand Washing Container One of the simplest ways of making a hand sink is to find a container (e.g. a can or plastic bottle) and drill a hole in the bottom. After filled with water, hands can be washed while the water is slowly trickling down. This low-cost option is applied easily and very effectively. 10 3. Design of Hand Washing Devices Source: MORGAN (2009)Source: SUSANA (2006)

11. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Example 2: The ‘Tippy Tap’ Hand Sink A tippy tap style hand sink can be made by several ways: The most common way is to find a container (i.e. a large can, bottle or pot) and drill a hole near the top. A string and a pedal is attached at the top of the container allowing the water to flow out (by means of hands of feet) 11 3. Design of Hand Washing Devices Source: DANIELSSON (2010) Source: SUSANA (2011)

12. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Example 3: The ‘Tap Up’ Hand Sink A bucket with a valve at the bottom can also serve as a hand sink. Moving the valve upwards make the water flow out. 12 3. Design of Hand Washing Devices Source: SUSANA (2009) Source: DANIELSSON (2012)

13. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info 13 4. References CURTIS, V.; CAIRNCROSS, S.; YONLI, R. (2000): Review: Domestic hygiene and diarrhoea – pinpointing the problem. In: Tropical Medicine and International Health Volume 5, No. 1, 22-32. URL: http://www.globalhandwashing.org/files/research/5.%20Domestic_hygiene_diarrhea_pinpointing_problem.pdf [Accessed: 15.05.2012]. http://www.globalhandwashing.org/files/research/5.%20Domestic_hygiene_diarrhea_pinpointing_problem.pdf MORGAN, P (2009): Hand washing device using a can hand soap - Water is poured in to the tin can to trickles down. SUSANA. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/5570897118/ [Accessed 07.06.2012]. http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/5570897118/ SUSANA (2006): Soda bottle hand-sink in Burkina Faso. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/2957046075/ [Accessed 07.06.2012].http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/2957046075/ SUSANA (2009): Andy Handy sink. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/3822076707/ [Accessed 07.06.2012].http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/3822076707/ SUSANA (2011): A Tippy Tap next to a toilet facility. Avadec. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/6347574158/ [Accessed 07.06.2012].http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/6347574158/ US AID (2009): Hand washing by means of plastic bottles. Madagascar: US AID. URL: http://www.flickr.com/photos/34741771@N05/3566430453/in/photostream/ [Accessed 07.06.2012]. http://www.flickr.com/photos/34741771@N05/3566430453/in/photostream/ WATERAID (2008): Technology Notes. London: Wateraid. URL: http://www.wateraid.org/documents/plugin_documents/technology_notes_2008.pdf [Accessed: 12.03.2011]. http://www.wateraid.org/documents/plugin_documents/technology_notes_2008.pdf

14. Simple Hand Washing Devices Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info 14 “Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture” SSWM is an initiative supported by: Created by: