1. “Approaches to Interoperability Standardization” by Timothy Schoechle, PhD CyberLYNX Technology Corporation Boulder, Colorado, USA for National Conference on Emergency Communications Systems Washington DC December 12-13, hosted by George Washington University

2. Situation Technological advances in wireless networking
Many new technologies and standards
Targeted to specific applications and services
Not interoperable

3. Some examples Local area networks Wide area networks Bluetooth
Zigbee (IEEE )
WiFi (IEEE )
UWB
Wide area networks
WiMAX (IEEE )
LMDS, MMDS
GSM/GPRS
CDMA 3G
CDMA 2000
WCDMS
TS-SCDMA

4. Some examples Satellite services SDR (Software Defined Radio)
JTSR (Joint Tactical Radio System)
US military system
Specialized fixed and mobile services
NGN (Next Generation Networks)
ITU-T SG 13—NGN
ITU-T SG 16—Multimedia Trmls, Sys. & Apps
Focus on ”ubiquitous applications”
e-everything (e.g., e-health, e-business, etc.)

5. The problem Compatibility Connectivity Interoperability
Not interfering with each other
Connectivity
Talking to each other
Interoperability
Understanding each other
“Interworking”

6. The problem Interoperability Between wired and wireless networks
Between new and legacy networks

7. Issues and problems The “stovepipe” problem
New systems need “legacy bridge”
Future-proofing
“technology insertion”—Avoid re-engineering
“sustainability”
Compatibility with civil & national systems

8. OSI 7-layer model (open system interconnect)
USER
USER
“Gateway”
Layer 7
Application
Application
Layer 6
Presentation
Presentation
Layer 5
Session
Session
Layer 4
Transport
Transport
“Router”
Layer 3
Network
Network
Layer 2
Data Link
Data Link
“Bridge”
Layer 1
Physical
Physical
Network 1
Network 2

9. Internet A “network of networks” At the network layer (OSI layer 3)
Layer 3 interconnection
Connectivity vs. interoperability
Connectivity: message packet exchange
Interoperability: application language translation
Syntax
Lexicon
Semantics
Now: take the Internet logic to the next stage
Gateway: application layer (OSI layer 7)

10. Solution ISO/IEC 15045 Gateway
Defines generalized gateway architecture
Modular and distributed structure
Integrates with voice, video, and data services
ISO/IEC Guidelines for Interoperability
Translates between dissimilar networks
At the OSI Application layer (layer 7)
All protocols and languages accommodated

11. Gateways! Public Safety JTRS Military Network (FM, P25,SDR)
Network (over 30 air interfaces)
Gateway
Federal
Gateway
Tribal
State
Allies
Local
Same MILDEP
Different MILDEP
Gateway
Gateway
Commercial Wireless Networks (2G, 3G, SDR)
U.S.
Rest of World

12. Common Interoperability Framework (ISO/IEC 18012)
GIWF #1
#1 <> AIL
System #1
Abstract Intermediate Language
(AIL)
GIWF #2
System #2
GIWF #3
System #3
GIWF #4
System #4
GIWF = Generic Interworking Function

13. Gateway Architecture (generalized)
Wide Area Networks
Local Area Networks
WAN 1
WAN 1 Interface
LAN 1 Interface
LAN 1
WAN 2
WAN 2 Interface
LAN 2 Interface
LAN 2
WAN 3
WAN 3 Interface
LAN 3
LAN 3 Interface
Gateway Intermediate Bus
and Protocol
Domain of Gateway Standard
Encryption Services
Minimal Network Services
Authentication Services
Enhanced Network Services
Other Security Services
Other Services
Core Framework

14. Gateway Architecture (Home Networking Example)
Wide Area Access Networks
Local Area Networks
Cable TV
DOCSIS Interface
MPEG-Video
IEEE 1394
Telephone
DSL Interface
VoIP Interface
WiFi
WiMAX
Receive Interface
Ethernet
Data Router
Gateway Intermediate Bus
and Protocol
Domain of Gateway Standard
Automatic Meter Reading
Health/Medical Monitoring
Personal Vidoe Recorder
Energy Management
Security/Firewall Services
Network Management
Core Framework

15. The JTSR example Sound architectural concept But…
SCA—Software Communications Architecture
Software-based—re-usable hardware
Modular “waveforms” for expandability
But…
Radio only
Few waveforms—need to add new technology faster
No connection to other new & legacy networks
Need WNW—Wideband Network Waveform
Costs out of control
Delays in implementation

16. JTRS Set Architecture (Software Radio Networking Example)
Waveforms
WNW
Minimal Network Services
Core Framework
Programmable Radio Hardware

17. JTRS Gateway Architecture (Software Radio Networking Example)
Radio Set Waveforms
WNW Waveforms
SINCGARS
Waveform 1
WNW Interface 1
GIG
EPLRS
Waveform 2
WNW Interface 2
Internet
HAVEQUICK
Waveform 3 C2
WNW Interface 3
Gateway Intermediate Bus
and Protocol
Domain of Gateway Standard
Encryption Services
Minimal Network Services
Authentication Services
Enhanced Network Services
Other Security Services
Other Services
Core Framework

18. Thank you, Questions ?
Timothy Schoechle, PhD CyberLYNX Technology Corporation Boulder, Colorado, USA