1. Unit One: Purposes and Types of Government
An Introduction to Government

2. Table of Contents Part One: Purposes of government
Part two: Systems of Government
Part Three: Types of Government
Part Four: Principles of Democracy

3. Unit Terms Part One: Anarchy; Government; Law
Part Two: Unitary System; Confederate System; Federal System;
Part Three: Authoritarian; Absolute Monarchy; Autocracy; Oligarchy ; Totalitarian; Constitutional Monarchy; Democracy; Direct Democracy; Representative Democracy; Nation State; Parliamentary Government; Prime Minister
Part Four: Federalism; Unlimited Government; Equal Protection; Individual Rights; Limited Government; Majority Rule; Popular Sovereignty; rule of Law

4. Government is our ‘BOSS!’
Part One: Functions of Government

5. Part One: Functions Government is our BOSS!
B: Budget (Make economic decisions)
O: Order (Maintain Social Order)
S: Security (Provide National Security)
S: Services (Provide Public Services)

6. Part One: Functions B: Budget (Make economic decisions)
Government makes choices about how to give out benefits and services among citizens
May get involved in other nations’ economies as well
Examples: Taxes; imports/exports; which countries to trade with; Creating a national budget

7. Budget (Making Economic Decisions)
How would a war effect the budget? Would taxes likely increase/decrease and why?
Why would a government decide to raise taxes during a Depression?
Why would they decide to lower taxes during a depression?

8. Part One: Functions O: Order (Maintaining Social Order)
Government provides ways of solving conflict among citizens;
Places limits on what people can do
Examples: Making/enforcing laws; police services; Prisons/Jails/Detention Centers

9. Order (Maintain Social Order)
Would society be better off without laws/government (Anarchy) or with a government with complete control (Dictatorship)?
Should consequences be harsh or should they be eased with the intent of rehabilitation?

10. Part One: Functions S: Security (Provide National Security)
Government protects citizens from attacks by other nations
Handles diplomacy with other nations
Examples: CIA; FBI; Military; National Guard; NSA (National Security Agency)

11. Security (National Security)
If a suspected terrorist is withholding important information, should he/she be given constitutional rights during interrogation?

12. Part One: Functions S: Services (Provide Public Services)
Government provides essential services to make community life possible
Provide things that individuals would not provide on their own
Examples: Schools; Mail services; Libraries; etc…

13. Services (Public Services)
Would you rather have great government services but higher taxes, or way fewer government services, but lower taxes, and why?

14. Systems of Government – A fight for power! U.F.C.!
Part Two: Systems of Government

15. Three Systems of Government – U.F.C.
Unitary
Federal
Confederate

16. Three Systems of Government – U.F.C.
Unitary - a Principal has total power
Federal – Principal has great power; but teachers do as well; they must work together
Confederate – Teachers have all power

17. Unitary Government
A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government (Uni = one)
Examples: United Kingdom; France; Afghanistan

18. Federal System
A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
Example: In the United States, great power is given to the National Government, but many powers are given to states as well.

19. Federal System
A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
Example: In the United States, great power is given to the National Government, but many powers are given to states as well
Canada

20. Confederate System
Powers are given to the individual states, not to a central government
Examples: The South (Confederacy) during the Civil War;
the Colonies during the Revolution and under the Articles of Confederation

21. Authoritarian vs. Democracy
Part Three: Types of Government

22. Authoritarian:
A government in which one leader or a small group of people holds absolute power.
Requires great obedience to leader(s)
Little or no influence in government
Only one legal political party

23. Authoritarian: Leader often chosen through force Little or no freedoms
No freedom: of speech; assembly; movement/travel; justice
Strict censorship; harsh punishments

24. Types of Authoritarian
Oligarchy – Rule by a small, elite Group
Often based off family ties, wealth, Education, military power, etc…
Autocracy – Rule by One
Examples: Absolute Monarchy; Totalitarian Dictatorship

25. Types of Authoritarian
Absolute Monarchy -
A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete Political power.
"I am the State!“ – Louis XIV

26. Types of Authoritarian
Totalitarian Dictatorship –
A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens.
Controls nearly all aspects of the state (economic; political; social; culture)
Control science, education, art, private lives, etc…
Government is limitless
Examples: NAZI Germany/Hitler; Italy during Mussolini’s reign; Soviet Union/Stalin; China/Mao Zedong; North Korea

27. A Great Leap Forward?
Born as a farmer, rose to power and led China to becoming a great world power
Promoted status of women; improved education, healthcare, housing, life expectancy
Mao Zedong’s policy of transferring China from an agricultural based society to an industrial one
Led to Great Chinese Famine – Between 15 million and 43 million deaths in a 3 year period (1958 to 1961)

28. Warmup Questions – Oligarchy; Autocracy; Totalitarian Dictatorship; Absolute Monarchy
This is a king/queen who has complete power and usually inherits that power.
This means ‘Rule by one’:
This means ‘Rule by a small, elite group’:
This is one person who takes power by force and has complete control of society (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini)

29. Objective
SWBAT identify the 7 ‘filmers’ of democracy, as well as be able to explain the different democracy types.
Review Authoritarian Types
‘Filmers’ of democracy
Poem on ‘filmers’ of democracy (with Questions)
Types of Democracies
Homework (Due Wednesday): Presidential vs. Parliamentary democracies; Democratic Principles

30. Dates Unit Quiz: Friday, 9/12
Unit One Test: Thursday, 9/18 (the rest of the packet is due)

31. Filmers of democracy?

32. Democratic Principles
Federalism: (Federal System): Power is divided between National and State governments (as well as local!)
Review Question: What are the other two systems of government?

33. Democratic Principles
Individual Rights and freedoms that are guaranteed

34. Democratic Principles
Limited Government, including separation of powers and checks and balances
Separation of Powers: Responsibilities of government are divided into three separate branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial)
Checks and balances: All three branches of government have powers to override the others; this limits the power of each branch

35. Democratic Principles
Majority Rule with minority rights protected
Majority Rule – The idea that what the majority of the people wish for will be granted

36. How are we doing so far?

37. Democratic Principles
Equality of all persons under law

38. Democratic Principles
RULE OF LAW, WITH THE RIGHT TO ALTER, ABOLISH, OR FORM A NEW GOVERNMENT
Rule of law states that the law applies equally to all citizens, regardless of status

39. Democratic Principles
Consent of the Governed/ Popular Sovereignty – The idea that power comes from the people
(Sovereignty)

40. ‘Filmers’ of Democracy?

41. Dates Unit Quiz: Friday, 9/12
Unit One Test: Thursday, 9/18 (the rest of the packet is due)

42. If it’s a democracy, then it’s either…
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy
All voters in a community meet in one place to make laws and decide what actions to take (Ancient Greece)
People elect representatives to carry on the work of government for them (USA)
If it’s direct democracy, then that’s that…but if it is representative, then…

43. If it’s Representative
Parliamentary Government (England)
Presidential Government (United States)
The elected legislative body (Parliament) chooses an executive (Prime Minister) from its own members; -therefore both executive & legislative functions both reside in this elected assembly (Parliament)
People elect an executive (President) to head the executive branch of government
If it’s direct democracy, then that’s that…but if it is representative, then…

44. If it’s Representative
Constitutional Monarchy
A form of government in which the power of the monarch (King/queen) is limited by Parliament