1. Measuring Matter-A Common Language

2. A Standard Measurement System
The International System of Units (SI)

3. The Metric System

4. When and why was the metric system invented?
The metric system was invented by a group of French scientists in 1790
The metric system was invented because countries were using many different systems of measurement causing confusion and lack of consistency

5. WHY DO WE USE THE METRIC SYSTEM?
Almost all other countries are using the metric system
Other countries’ companies are refusing to buy products from the U.S. if not labeled in metric units
* Scientists need a universal way to communicate data (SI Units)

6. WHAT DOES THE METRIC SYSTEM MEASURE?
* The gram measures mass or how much something weighs
* The liter measures volume which is used when measuring liquids
* The meter measures the length of an object or the distance from place to place

7. Scientists all over the world use the International System of Units to measure:
Length
Volume
Mass
Density
Temperature
Time

8. Metric System
A system of measurement used by the majority of countries on Earth based on the number 10

9. Key Concept: Why do scientists use a standard measurement system?
Using SI as the standard system of measurement allows scientists to compare data and communicate with each other about their results
Using SI measurement also allows experiments to be repeated and most importantly achieve a desired result

10. DRAW THE FOLLOWING CHART ON THE BLANK SHEET OF WHITE PAPER IN THE REFERENCE PART OF YOUR FOLDER

11. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
Kilo (k)
1000
units
Hecto (h)
100
units
Deka (da) 10
units
Basic
Unit
Gram
Meter
Liter
To convert to a smaller
unit, move decimal point
to the right or multiply.
To convert to a larger
unit, move decimal point
to the left or divide
Deci (d)
0.1
units
Centi (c)
0.01
units
Milli (m)
0.001
units

12. Length

13. Figure 1: Calculating - How much larger is a kilo- than a deka-?
100 times

14. What is length?
Length is the distance from one point to another

15. What tool do we use to measure length or distance?

16. A METER STICK is used to measure lengths and distances

17. METER STICK

18. The basic unit of length in the SI system is the …
METER

19. APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS BETWEEN METRIC & US LENGTH UNITS
A meter is about the same length as a yard
A meter is about three feet long
A decimeter is about four inches long
An inch is about 25 millimeters
A foot contains about 30 centimeters
A foot contains about 3 decimeters

20. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
Kilo (k)
1000
units
To convert to a smaller unit, move
decimal point to the right or
multiply.
Hecto (h)
100
units
Deka (da) 10
units
Basic
Unit
Gram (g)
Meter (m)
Liter (l)
Deci (d)
0.1
units
Centi (c)
0.01
units
To convert to a larger
unit, move decimal point
to the left or divide
Milli (m)
0.001
units

21. THERE ARE… 1000 millimeters (mm) in a meter (m)
100 centimeters (cm)in a meter (m)
10 decimeters (d) in a meter (m)
1 meter (m) in a meter (m)
10 meters (m) equals 1 dekameters (da)
100 meters (m) equals 1 hectometer (h)
1000 meters (m) equals 1 kilometer (k)

22. MEASURING LENGTHS LONGER THAN A METER
EXAMPLE: The distance from point A to point B is 5.8m. What is that distance in KILOMETERS?

23. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
Because KILOMETERS is larger than a meter, you move the decimal point 3 places to the left.
Kilo
1000
units
Hecto
100
units
Deka 10
units
Basic
Unit
Gram
Meter
Liter 1
Deci
0.1
units
Centi
0.01
units
5.8m turns to
.58da
Milli
0.001
units

24. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
Because KILOMETERS is larger than a meter, you move the decimal point 3 places to the left.
Kilo
1000
units
Hecto
100
units
Deka 10
units
Basic
Unit
Gram
Meter
Liter 2 1
Deci
0.1
units
Centi
0.01
units
5.8m turns to
.058h
Milli
0.001
units

25. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
Because KILOMETERS is larger than a meter, you move the decimal point 3 places to the left.
Kilo
1000
units
Hecto
100
units
Deka 10
units 3
Basic
Unit
Gram
Meter
Liter 2 1
Deci
0.1
units
Centi
0.01
units
5.8m turns to
.0058k
Milli
0.001
units

26. MEASURING LENGTHS LONGER THAN A METER
EXAMPLE: The distance from point A to point B is 50.35k (KILOMETERS). What is that distance in METERS?

27. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
Because the METER is smaller than a KILOMETER, you move the decimal point 3 places to the right.
Kilo
1000
units
Hecto
100
units
Deka 10
units
Basic
Unit
Gram
Meter
Liter 1
Deci
0.1
units
Centi
0.01
units
50.35k turns to
503.5h
Milli
0.001
units

28. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
Because the METER is smaller than a KILOMETER, you move the decimal point 3 places to the right.
Kilo
1000
units
Hecto
100
units
Deka 10
units
Basic
Unit
Gram
Meter
Liter 1 2
Deci
0.1
units
Centi
0.01
units
50.35k turns to
5035.da
Milli
0.001
units

29. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
Because the METER is smaller than a KILOMETER, you move the decimal point 3 places to the right.
Kilo
1000
units
Hecto
100
units
Deka 10
units
Basic
Unit
Gram
Meter
Liter 1 2
Deci
0.1
units
Centi
0.01
units 3
50.35k turns to
50350.m
Milli
0.001
units

30. MEASURING LENGTHS SMALLER THAN A METER

31. The two units that measure the length of smaller objects are, …
Decimeter
Centimeter
Millimeter

32. The longer lines on the metric ruler are called…
centimeters

33. The shorter lines on the metric ruler are called…
millimeters

34.  One centimeter is divided into how many millimeters?
10 millimeters (mm)

35. Looking at the turtle below
Looking at the turtle below. Estimate it’s length from the rear of its shell to the tip of its nose. Record its length in both centimeters and millimeters.
10.5 cm
105 mm

36. What is the length of the pencil below in centimeters AND millimeters?
58 mm
5.8 cm

37. RESULTS OF DESK MEASURES
LAB DESK A: 5.79 m, cm, 5790 mm LAB DESK B: 7.12 m, cm, 7120 mm LAB DESK C: m, cm, 8175 mm LAB DESK HEIGHT: .93 m, 93 cm, 930 mm

38. VOLUME

39. Volume The amount of space that matter occupies All matter has volume
Measurement of 3 dimensional objects

40. The basic unit of measure for VOLUME is the LITER

41. Cubic Centimeter (cm³)
COMMON UNITS OF VOLUME
Liter (L)
Milliliter (mL)
Cubic Centimeter (cm³)

42. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
Kilo (k)
1000
units
To convert to a smaller unit, move
decimal point to the right or
multiply.
Hecto (h)
100
units
Deka (da) 10
units
Basic
Unit
Gram (g)
Meter (m)
Liter (l)
Deci (d)
0.1
units
Centi (c)
0.01
units
To convert to a larger
unit, move decimal point
to the left or divide
Milli (m)
0.001
units

43. How many milliliters are in 13 Liters?

44. THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD)
13.0 L
Kilo (k)
1000
units
13.0 L
Hecto (h)
100
units
Deka (da) 10
units
Basic
Unit
Gram (g)
Meter (m)
Liter (l) d 1 2
Deci (d)
0.1
units mL
Centi (c)
0.01
units 3 cL
Milli (m)
0.001
units

45. TOOLS TO MEASURE VOLUME
Metric ruler
Regular shaped objects
Graduated Cylinder
Irregular shaped objects
liquids

46. EQUATING UNITS OF VOLUME
1 L = 1,000 mL
1 mL = L
1 mL = 1 cm³

47. CALCULATING VOLUME
Using a metric ruler
Volume =
length X width X height
of an object

48. YOUR
PERSPECTIVE
Height (h)
Width (w)
Length (l)

49. METRIC SYSTEM Metric System Notes – Length Metric man Metric Woman
Metric Spy
Metric Shuttle
2 blank sheets of paper
a) Label Measurements in Meters (1)
Label Graph in Meters (2)
VOLUME ACTIVITY
10 sheets of notebook paper

50. VOLUME ACTIVITY INSTRUCTIONS
Number the paper 1 – 20
Measure each piece of wood for its VOLUME in centimeters AND millimeters

51. TODAY IS: Thursday October 30, 2008
Are your backpacks in your lockers? They are not permitted.
Did you use the restroom before this class? No passes will be issued.
Did you bring all your materials to class? A requirement
Is your folder available? A requirement

52. What tool is used to measure the VOLUME of irregular shaped objects?

53. The GRADUATED CYLINDER

54. LIQUIDS AND IRREGULAR SHAPED OBJECTS ARE MEASURED IN LITERS
THERE ARE 1000 MILILITER IN A LITER

55. Graduated Cylinders come in a variety of sizes:
10 ml
25 ml
50 ml
100 ml
500 ml
1000 ml

56. How do you read a GRADUADTED CYLINDER?

57. Know the GRADUATES and the SUBGRADUATES10 20
GRADUATES
SUBGRADUATES

58. Note the MENISCUS
The meniscus is the area where the fluid molecules are more attracted to the glass material than itself.

59. The measurement is at the bottom of the convex or meniscus.
You would read this as 18mL and not 18.5 mL.
You would read this as 18mL and not 18.5 mL.
You would read this as 18mL and not 18.5 mL.
The measurement is at the bottom of the convex or meniscus.
Reading is 18 mL NOT 18.5 mL

60. Look at the level of the fluid at eye level
MANISCUS

62. X

63. What is the VOLUME of this liquid?
6.6 mL

64. What is the VOLUME of this liquid?
11.5 mL

65. What is the VOLUME of this liquid?
53.0 mL

66. What is the VOLUME of this liquid?
76.0 mL

67. What is the VOLUME of this liquid?
293.0 mL

68. Using a GRADUATED CYLINDER
Item is dropped into a predetermined amount of water in the cylinder.
The item places the cylinder
The item will displace the same amount of water as its matter.
The difference between the original volume of water and the level of the water with the object is its volume.

69. MATERIALS Graduated Cylinder
Pipette (used to add or take out a fluid from the cylinder)
Beaker (small) (used with the pipette)
4.5 cm bolt
7 cm bolt
11 cm bolt
Ruler (to measure the bolts)

70. INSTRUCTIONS Make a table as seen below:
BOLT
BEGINNING LEVEL (mL)
ENDING LEVEL (mL)
VOLUME (mL)
4.5 cm
7.0 cm
9.5 cm
Determine the VOLUME of each item

71. INSTRUCTIONS Make a table as seen below:
BOLT
BEGINNING LEVEL (mL)
ENDING LEVEL (mL)
VOLUME (mL)
4.5 cm
50mL
56mL
6mL
7.0 cm
59mL
9mL
9.5 cm
61mL
11mL
Determine the VOLUME of each item

72. WEIGHT
vs.
MASS

73. WEIGHT A measurement of the force of gravity on an object.
Weight can change with a location.
On the moon a 120 pound person can weigh 20 pounds.
You will weigh less the further away from the center of the earth.

74. MASS The amount of matter in an object
Mass does not change with location.
Scientists prefer to measure the mass of an object than its weight because weight changes with location.

75. The basic unit of weight and mass is the GRAM (g)

76. What tool is used to measure the MASS of an object?

77. Triple Beam Balance

78. Parts of a Triple Beam Balance
POINTER
RIDERS
BEAMS
PAN
COUNTER
WEIGHT
BASE

79. Instructions on use
With the pan empty, move the three riders on the three beams to their leftmost positions, so that the balance reads zero.

80. If the indicator on the far right is not aligned with the fixed mark, then calibrate the balance by turning the set screw on the left under the pan.

81. Once the balance has been calibrated, place the object to be measured on the pan.

82. Move the 100 gram rider along the beam to the right until the indicator drops below the fixed mark. The notched position immediately to the left of this point indicates the number of hundreds of grams.

83. Now move the 10 gram rider along the beam to the right until the indicator drops below the fixed mark. The notched position immediately to the left of this point indicates the number of tens of grams.

84. The beam in front is not notched; the rider can move anywhere along the beam. The boldface numbers on this beam are grams and the tick marks between the boldface numbers indicate tenths of grams.

85. To find the mass of the object on the pan, simple add the numbers from the three beams.

86. INSTRUCTIONS Make a table as seen below:
BOLT
MASS (g)
4.5 cm
7.0 cm
9.5 cm
Determine the MASS of each item

87. INSTRUCTIONS Make a table as seen below:
BOLT
MASS (g)
4.5 cm
47.4g
7.0 cm
72.3g
9.5 cm
97.5g
Determine the MASS of each item

88. DENSITY Many objects have the same volume but have different masses.
Density relates to the amount of matter in a given volume.
Expressed as the number of grams in a cubic centimeter
Formula is DENSITY = MASS ÷ VOLUME

89. 1cm
1cm
1cm

90. WHY DO SOME OBJECTS FLOAT WHILE OTHERS SINK?

91. MAKE THE CHART BELOW WHY DO SOME OBJECTS SINK WHILE OTHERS FLOAT?
VOLUME
MASS
DENSITY
WATER
L. Bolt
M. Bolt
S. Bolt
L. Clay
M. Clay
S. Clay
L. Wood
M. Wood
S. Wood
WHY DO SOME OBJECTS SINK WHILE OTHERS FLOAT?

92. COMPLETED CHART OBJECT VOLUME MASS DENSITY WATER 56.0mL 56.0g 1.0 g/mL
L. Bolt
11mL
97.5g
8.86 g/mL
M. Bolt
9mL
72.3g
8.0 g/mL
S. Bolt
6mL
47.4g
L. Clay
17.0mL
26.3g
1.5 g/mL
M. Clay
9.0mL
15.0g
1.6 g/mL
S. Clay
4.0mL
6.9g
1.7 g/mL
L. Wood
21.0mL
7.4g
.35 g/mL
M. Wood
14.0mL
4.7g
.33 g/mL
S. Wood
3.0mL
2.4g
.3 g/mL

93. BASED ON YOUR DATA WHY DO SOME OBJECTS FLOAT WHILE OTHERS SINK?

94. OBJECTS WITH A DENSITY LESS THAN ONE WILL SINK IN WATER

95. If 5.6 mL of water has a mass of 5.6g, what would be its DENSITY?
1 g/mL

96. If piece of clay measuring in volume 17. 0 mL, has a mass of 26
If piece of clay measuring in volume 17.0 mL, has a mass of 26.3g, what would be its DENSITY?
1.54 g/mL

97. If piece of 21. 0 mL piece of wood had a mass of 7
If piece of 21.0 mL piece of wood had a mass of 7.4 g, what would be its DENSITY?
.35 g/mL

98. If a 97. 5g piece of metal had a volume of 11
If a 97.5g piece of metal had a volume of 11.0 mL, what would be its DENSITY?
8.86 g/mL

99. INFERRING FROM THE DATA BELOW, WHY DO SOME OBJECTS SINK WHILE OTHERS FLOAT?
VOLUME
MASS
DENSITY
WATER
56.0mL
56.0g
1.0 g/mL
L. Bolt
11mL
97.5g
8.86 g/mL
M. Bolt
9mL
72.3g
8.0 g/mL
S. Bolt
6mL
47.4g
L. Clay
17.0mL
26.3g
1.5 g/mL
M. Clay
9.0mL
15.0g
1.6 g/mL
S. Clay
4.0mL
6.9g
1.7 g/mL
L. Wood
21.0mL
7.4g
.35 g/mL
M. Wood
14.0mL
4.7g
.33 g/mL
S. Wood
3.0mL
2.4g
.3 g/mL

100. OBJECTS WITH A DENSITY LESS THAN ONE WILL SINK IN WATER

101. TODAY IS THURSDAY November 6, 2008
Get out your notebooks and be prepared to take quick notes.
We will be starting the lab as soon as everyone is ready.

102. ON THE NEXT BLANK PAGE OF YOUR FOLDER….
NUMBER on the left
NUMBER 16 – 30 in the middle
NUMBER 31 – 50 on the right
DO NOT SKIP LINES

103. WHAT IS TEMPERATURE?
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles of matter

104. What tool do you use to measure TEMERATURE?

105. THERMOMETER

106. HOW DOES A THERMOMETER WORK?
Temperature is measured with a thermometer usually made of a glass tube with colored alcohol.
Certain materials have EXPANSION properties or they stretch when heated and shrink when cooled.
As the air gets hotter, the level of the liquid rises and, as the air gets cooler, the level falls.

107. How do you read a THERMOMETER?
Know the scale in which the thermometer is registering. (F, C, K)
Look at the thermometer at eye level to get the correct reading.

108. What are the different scales used to measure TEMERATURE?

109. Fahrenheit (F°) Most common scale used in the United States
Freezing is 32°F
Boiling is 212°F

110. Celsius (°C) Most common scale used in other countries
Freezing point is 0°C
Boiling point is 100°C

111. Kelvin (K) Most commonly used in physical science
A Kelvin degree is the same size as a Celsius
Water freezes at 273K
Water boils at 373K
No more thermal energy can be removed at -273K
-273K is called absolute zero

112. Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion
Celsius= 5/9 X (Fahrenheit-32)
EXAMPLE:
Convert 106°Fahrenheit into Celsius
Celsius =5/9 X (Fahrenheit -32)
Celsius = 5/9 X 74
Celsius = 41.11°

113. PRACTICE
Convert 72° Fahrenheit into Celsius Celsius =5/9 X (Fahrenheit -32) Celsius = 5/9 X (72°F- 32°F) Celsius = 5/9 X 42°F Celsius = 23.33C°

114. PRACTICE
Convert 168° Fahrenheit into Celsius Celsius =5/9 X (Fahrenheit -32) Celsius = 5/9 X (168°F – 32°F) Celsius = 5/9 X 136°F Celsius = 75.5C°

115. Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion
Fahrenheit= (9/5 X Celsius) +32
EXAMPLE:
Convert 41.11°C into Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit = (9/5 X 41.1°C) + 32°F
Fahrenheit = 73.98°C + 32°F
Fahrenheit = 106°F

116. Fahrenheit= (9/5 X Celsius) +32
PRACTICE
Fahrenheit= (9/5 X Celsius) +32
EXAMPLE:
Convert 72°C into Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit = (9/5 X 72°C) + 32°F
Fahrenheit = 129.6°C + 32°F
Fahrenheit = 161.6F°

117. Fahrenheit= (9/5 X Celsius) +32
PRACTICE
Fahrenheit= (9/5 X Celsius) +32
EXAMPLE:
Convert 127°C into Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit = (9/5 X 127°C) + 32°F
Fahrenheit = 228.6°C + 32°F
Fahrenheit = 260.6F°