1. Welcome to Cisco Academy Chapter 1

2. Objectives Understand Safety Rules Provide common knowledge base –PC Hardware Build bridge between understanding of PC hardware and Networks similarities Develop understanding of Boot Process Appreciate importance of Networks Identify network characteristics Introduce Binary Numbering System Appreciate importance of Bandwidth

3. Specific Objectives & Tasks Identify four primary components of PC architecture Identify PC subsystem components Install a NIC Configure PC for different network types Develop understanding of Binary Number System Convert Decimal to Binary & Binary to Decimal Identify units of Information Be able to discuss need for Networks Be able to identify Network Devices Use analogies to understand bandwidth

4. PC Components Transistor – amplifies or opens/closes circuit IC – does specific task; contains transistors Capacitor – stores energy in electrostatic field Connector – plugs into a port or interface LED – semiconductor device that emits light

5. PC Components

6. Boot Processes Boot Instructions – stored in ROM until used Software Applications – stored in RAM after loading RAM and ROM – talk to CPU through the bus Saved Information – flows from RAM to storage device Exported Information – flows from RAM through bus to external device such as the printer

7. Stop Do Lab

8. NIC Network Interface Card –printed circuit board that provides network communication capabilities to and from a personal computer A.K.A. Lan Adapter –Can be designed for Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI (IMPORTANT) Requires: –IRQ, I/O Address, Upper Memory address in Win 95,98, NT

9. Network Card Selection Criteria Type of Network –Ethernet, FDDI, Token Ring Type of Media –Twisted Pair, Fiber Optic, Coaxial Cable Type of Bus –PSI or ISA or PCMCIA (lap top) Half duplex or full duplexing 10 mbs or 100 mbs

10. TCP/IP Configuration

11. Stop Do Lab

12. Binary Decimal System –Base 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Binary System –Base 20 1 Computer works in Binary –Two states - On/Off; Current/No Current –Computer translates from decimal to binary and from binary to decimal

13. Units of Information B= bytes; b = bits Bit (0,1) b Binary Digit 1 bit On/Off Op/Clos Byte B 8 bits1 byte8 bitsLetter or number Kilobyte KB 1,024 bytes Approx 1000 bytes Approx 8000 bits 10-page report = 10 KB Megabyte MB 1,024 KB1 million bytes 8 million bits Floppy = 1.4 MB Gigabyte GB 1,024 MB1 billion bytes 8 billion bits Hard drive = 8 GB

14. Stop Do Lab

15. Binary 10987654321 2**92**82**72**62**52**42**32**22**12**0 5122561286432168421

16. Decimal 10987654321 10**910**810**710**610**510**410**310**210**110**0 1 B 100 M10 M 1 M 100000 100001000100101

17. Stop Do Lab

18. IP Addressing IP address is used to identify PC to network (at layer 3 of OSI model) IP address is used to send traffic over WAN IP address is usually in dotted decimal format (does not have to be) –123.122.234.255 –In binary 01111011.01111010.11101010.11111111 –In hex 7B 7A EA FF

19. Networks A network is an entity - an intricately connected system of objects or people. Networks are all around us, even inside us. Your own nervous system and cardiovascular system are networks. There can several types of networks Think of some

20. Networks Accomplish Many Tasks Avoid duplication of equipment and resources Allow us to communicate efficiently Enable us to manage computing resources Support shared resources

21. Network Types LAN –Building, Campus (group of building) MAN –Metropolitan Area WAN –Entire world – can even include outer space

22. LAN Characteristics Operate within a limited geographic area Allow multiple access to high bandwidth media Control private (autonomous) networks Provide full-time connectivity to local services Connect physically adjacent devices

23. WANS Operate over wide geographic areas Allow access over serial interfaces operating at lower speeds Provide full-time and part-time connectivity Connect devices located over wide geographic areas WANS connect LANS

24. Bandwidth Measure of how much information can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time Two types – digital and analog Cisco course deals with digital bandwidth Measured in BITS (b) per second

25. Analogies for Bandwidth Pipe line –Bandwidth is pipes –Network devices are valves; fittings; packet is water Highway –Bandwidth is lanes –Packets are vehicles; network devices are signals, on ramps, etc. Audio Systems –Network devices are telephones, CD-ROMS –Packets are music

26. Bandwidth is Important It is finite It can save money It is key measure of network design and performance It is key to understanding Internet The demand for it increases constantly

27. Throughput The formula is Estimated Time = Size of File / Bandwidth Throughput is always less than Bandwidth Bandwidth is used to design networks Throughput is used to evaluate network performance

28. Media Coaxial Cable –50 ohm and 75 ohm Twisted Pairs –Shielded and Unshielded Fiber Optics –Single Mode and Multi Mode (62.5/125) Wireless