1. Sustainable Energy Systems Peter Gevorkian Brevard community College ETP1401 Bruce Hesher

2. U.S. 80M Wind Map See: http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_maps.asphttp://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_maps.asp

3. U.S. 80M Seasonal Wind Maps Winter Spring Summer Fall

4. Florida Energy production is strongly dependant on wind speed.

5. U.S. Offshore Wind

6. How Much Energy is in Wind? See http://www.awea.org/faq/windpower.html http://www.awea.org/faq/windpower.html Power in the area swept by the wind turbine rotor: P = 0.5 x rho x A x V 3 P = 0.5 x rho x A x V 3where: P = power in Watts (746W = 1 hp) (1,000W = 1 kilowatt) rho = air density (about 1.225 kg/m3 at sea level) A = rotor swept area, exposed to the wind (m2) V = wind in meters/sec (20 mph = 9 m/s) (mph/2.24 = m/s)

7. Wind Turbine Power P = 0.5 x rho x A x Cp x V 3 x Ng x Nb P = 0.5 x rho x A x Cp x V 3 x Ng x Nbwhere: Cp = Coefficient of performance (.59 {Betz limit} is the maximum theoretically possible,.35 for a good design) Ng = generator efficiency (50% for car alternator, 80% or more possibly for a permanent magnet generator or grid- connected induction generator) Nb = gearbox/bearings efficiency (depends, could be as high as 95% if good)

8. 2 Significant Wind Categories “BIG” Commercial Wind Farms Land based & Offshore “Small” Wind (single user). Ex: residential, ranch wells, etc.

9. Wind Turbine Types HAWT: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine VAWT: Vertical Axis Wind Turbine VAWT’s do not need to be pointed into the wind so, they work better in turbulent winds.

10. Commercial Big Wind Turbines Blades: State of the art Composite material Hub: “Brain”, blade pitch, etc. control Generator: 12 tons, low speed shaft, gearbox, high speed shaft, generator

11. Inside the Hub

12. Wind Power can be Exciting !

13. Engineering Required Offshore wind farm near Denmark. Front row of turbines changes air pressure and caused clouds. Proper spacing needed to keep back row of turbines from loosing power. Offshore wind farm near Denmark. Front row of turbines changes air pressure and caused clouds. Proper spacing needed to keep back row of turbines from loosing power.

14. Blade Construction (composite construction) Plywood and fiberglass frame, carbon fiber skin.

15. Blade Testing and Certification Strength Flex Harmonics

16. Towers are 80M Tall (250’) Central ladder for climbing. Central ladder for climbing. Hub can hold 3 people! Hub can hold 3 people! Sensors for wind direction, blade pitch, etc. Sensors for wind direction, blade pitch, etc. Blade size depends on local wind resource. Blade size depends on local wind resource. GE 1.5 MW

17. Construction and Maintenance Training Safety Harness Processing and motor control Cable harnessing, motor and gear maintenance

18. Small Wind ” Small wind turbines are electric generators that utilize wind energy to produce clean, emissions- free power for individual homes, farms, and small businesses. With this simple and increasingly popular technology, individuals can generate their own power and cut their energy bills while helping to protect the environment. The U.S. leads the world in the production of small wind turbines, which are defined as having rated capacities of 100 kilowatts and less, and the market is expected to continue strong growth through the next decade. ” ” Small wind turbines are electric generators that utilize wind energy to produce clean, emissions- free power for individual homes, farms, and small businesses. With this simple and increasingly popular technology, individuals can generate their own power and cut their energy bills while helping to protect the environment. The U.S. leads the world in the production of small wind turbines, which are defined as having rated capacities of 100 kilowatts and less, and the market is expected to continue strong growth through the next decade. ” AWEA AWEA http://www.awea.org/smallwind/ http://www.awea.org/smallwind/http://www.awea.org/smallwind/

19. Small Wind Small wind turbines come in many sizes and designs. All tend to produce the most power at a wind of 10-15 m/s (22-33mph).

20. Remote Locations Wind and PV tend to be complementary

21. Small Wind Towers Rooftop wind turbines simply are not viable. Turbulence and changing wind direction near ground can be avoided by putting turbine on a tower. Rooftop wind turbines simply are not viable. Turbulence and changing wind direction near ground can be avoided by putting turbine on a tower.

22. Homer ® supports many models of wind turbines