1. CHAPTER-10
AIRPORT PLANNING

2. INTRODUCTION
A/P mgt are handed the responsibility of strategically planning for a coordinated system of A/Ps to meet the future needs of the traveling public
A/P planning may be defined as the employment of an organized strategy for the future management of airport operations, facilities designs, airfield configurations, financial allocations and revenues, environmental impacts, and organizational structures

3. Environmental Planning Organizational Planning
AIRPORT PLANNING
Six types of airport planning studies
Facilities Planning
Financial Planning
Economic Planning
Environmental Planning
Organizational Planning
Strategic planning

4. AIRPORT PLANNING FACILITIES PLANNING FINANCIAL PLANNING
Facilities planning which focuses on future needs for A/F infrastructure such as R/Ws, T/Ws, A/C parking facilities, associated lighting, comm & nav systems, terminal buildings/ facilities, parking lots, ground access infrastructure, & support facilities, and non-aeronautical land uses (office parks, hotels, restaurants, or rental car locations)
FINANCIAL PLANNING
Financial planning, which is concerned with predicting future revenues and expenses, budgeting resources, and planning for financial assistance through grant programs, bond issues, or private investment
Economic planning, which considers the future of economic activity, such as trade & commerce, & activity of industries that exist on A/P & off-A/P property and are either a direct or indirect result of A/P ops
ECONOMIC PLANNING

5. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING ORGANIZATIONAL PLANNING
AIRPORT PLANNING
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
Environmental planning, which concentrates on maintaining or improving existing environmental conditions in the face of changes in future airport activity. Environmental planning includes land use planning, noise mitigation, wetland reclamation, and wildlife preservation
ORGANIZATIONAL PLANNING
Organizational planning, which involve the management of future labour requirements and organizational structures for the A/P admin, staff, & associated labor force
It encompasses all other planning activities into a coordinated effort to maximize the future potential of the A/P to the community
STRATEGIC PLANNING

6. DEFINING THE
PLANNING HORIZON

7. DEFINING THE PLANNING HORIZON
- Planning of A/P ops, is defined by the length of time into the future mgt considers its planning. This length of time into the future is called planning horizon
- Different planning efforts require different PHs. For example, the organizational planning of staffing levels per shift for A/P ops may require a 3-month PH, but certainly not 20-yr PH. On the other hand, facilities planning of an A/F (runway construction) requires at least a 5-year PH, and certainly not a PH of less than 1 yr
- Various types of A/P planning studies may be performed on a variety of different levels. Three such levels of planning include
SYSTEM PLANNING
MASTER PLANNING
PROJECT PLANNING

8. AIRPORT SYSTEM PLANNING
Airport system planning is a planning effort that considers a collection of airports on a local/state/regional, or national level, expected to complement each other as part of a coordinated air transportation system
Through A/P system planning, the objectives of individual A/Ps are set in accordance with the needs of the community by setting the mission of each A/P to serve certain segments of the demand for aviation, such as targeting one A/P in a region to handle international commercial air travelers and another A/P to handle primarily smaller general aviation A/C ops

9. AIRPORT MASTER PLAN
A/P master plan is a document that charts the proposed evolution of the A/P to meet future needs
At large comm service A/Ps, master planning is a formal & complex process that coordinate large construction projects which is carried out over a period of 20 years
At Smaller A/P, master planning might be the responsibility of a few staff members with other responsibilities, who depend on outside consultants for expertise and support
At very small A/Ps, where capital improvements are minimal, the master plan might be a very simple document, prepared locally with the help of consultants

10. OBJECTIVES OF THE AIRPORT MASTER PLAN
• Provide an effective graphic presentation of the ultimate development of A/P & of anticipated land uses adjacent to the A/P
• Establish a schedule of priorities & phasing for the various improvements proposed in the plan
• Present pertinent backup info & data essential to the development of the master plan
• Describe the various concepts and alternatives which were considered in the proposed plan
• Provide a concise & descriptive report so that the impact and logic of its recommendations can be clearly understood

11. ELEMENTS OF MASTER PLAN
AIRPORT MASTER PLAN ELEMENTS
INVENTORY
ACTIVITY FORECASTS
DEMAND/ CAPACITY ANALYSIS
FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
FINANCIAL PLANS
AIRPORT MASTER PLAN
In addition, some master plans include environmental and economic assessments of plans associated with the future plans for the A/P

12. INVENTORY

13. AIRPORT MASTER PLANING
INVENTORY
First step is the collection of all types of data pertaining to area that the A/P is to serve
This includes an inventory of existing A/P facilities, area planning efforts that might affect the master plan and historical information related to their development
This will provide background info for the master plan report
It will also provide basic information for the development of forecasts and facility requirements  

14. INVENTORY HISTORICAL REVIEW OF AIRPORTS AND FACILITIES
AIRSPACE STRUCTURE & NAVAIDS
AIRPORT-RELATED LAND USE
AERONAUTICAL ACTIVITY
SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS
Demography
Disposable Personal Income per Capita
Economic Activity and Status of Industries
Geographic Factors
Competitive Position
Political Factors
Community Values
Airport Layout Plan

15. FORECASTING
FORECASTING

16. FORECASTING A/P master plans are developed on the basis of forecasts
From forecasts, the relationships between demand and the capacity of an A/P’s various facilities can be established and A/P requirements can be determined
Short, intermediate, & long-range (approx 5, 10, & 20-yr) forecasts are made to enable the planner to establish a schedule of development for improvements proposed in the master plan
Two types of forecasting methods are available to assist planners in the decision- making process: qualitative and quantitative

17. FORECASTS OF AVIATION DEMAND
Forecasts of aviation demand form the basis for facilities planning
There is a need to know the
Types of civil airport users
Certificated air carriers
Commuters
General aviation
Military services where applicable
Types and volume of operational activity
A/C ops
Passengers and cargo
Based A/C
Jet and large-capacity prop transport A/C
Smaller commercial, corporate, business, and pleasure A/C
Future vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) A/C

18. ACTIVITY FORCASTE
By performing a comprehensive forecast of the above measures of airport activity, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the airport planner has the ability to incorporate into the master plan airport facilities that will accommodate forecast activity

19. DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS

20. FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS
Study of the demand/capacity relationship involves an estimation of the need to expand facilities and the cost of these improvements
This type of analysis is done in consultation with the airlines & general aviation community
The analysis is applied to A/C ops versus A/F improvements, passenger enplanements versus terminal building improvements, cargo tonnage versus cargo facility development, A/P access traffic versus access roads and rapid transit facilities
Airspace in the vicinity of the master plan airport is also analyzed

21. DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS
Demand/capacity analysis is normally applied to short, intermediate, and long-range developments (approx 5, 10, and 20 yrs)
Analysis is only an approximation of facility requirements, their costs, and savings that will result from reduced delays to A/P users as well as anticipated revenues obtained from proposed improvements
Preliminary estimates of economic feasibility may also be obtained
These approximations will provide a basis for developing the details of the A/P master plan and for determining the feasibility of improvements considered in the plan

22. DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS DEMAND/CAPACITY ANALYSIS
Demand/capacity analysis yields the approximate number & configuration of R/Ws, number of gates, square footage of terminal buildings, cargo facilities, number of public and employee parking spaces, types of airport access roads, and the overall land area required for the airport
From the mix of aircraft and the number of aircraft operations, general requirements for length, strength, and number of runways; spacing of taxiways; layout and spacing of gates; and apron area requirements can be determined

23. DESIGN ALTERNATIVES

24. DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
When planning for an A/P’s future, A/P planners develop a series of design alternatives to accommodate forecast levels of demand
These design alternatives are then brought to A/P mgt, local govt, surrounding community, federal govt. to reach a consensus on recommended design alternative
Design alternatives for airports may include:
Selection of an A/P on a new yet undeveloped site
Plans for design & operation of the A/F and local airspace
Plans for design & operation of terminal & ground access sys

25. DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
- One of the design alternatives for the future of an A/P may be to design a new A/P on an open, or greenfield, site
- In this case, the first step in this process is that of proper site selection
- The major factors that require careful analysis in the final evaluation of airport sites include
RUNWAY ORIENTATION AND WIND ANALYSIS
AIRSPACE ANALYSIS
SURROUNDING OBSTRUCTIONS
AVAILABILITY FOR EXPANSION
NOISE IMPACTS
COST COMPARISONS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
AVAILABILITY OF UTILITIES

26. FINANCIAL PLANS

27. FINANCIAL PLANS
Financial plan is an economic evaluation of the entire plan of development
It looks at the master plan activity forecasts from the point of view of revenues and expenditures, analyzing the airport’s balance sheet over the planning period to ensure that A/P sponsor can afford to proceed
An activity in this phase is the consideration of funding sources and financing methods for the proposed development
Questions to be addressed include which portions will be funded through federal grants-in-aid; the size and timing of bond issues; and the revenue from concessionaire rents, parking fees, landing fees etc

28. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

29. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
For every proposed project, an Environmental Impact Review (EIR) is performed
Results of the review may find that there will be no significant impact to the surrounding environment as a result of the project. If so then a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) statement is issued
If the EIR reveals that there is the potential for significant environmental impact as a result of the project, then a more comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) must be developed
EIS states specific areas of the environment that will be impacted and the degree of impact on the environment, and plan to mitigate those impacts