1. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 51 Tobacco

2. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco2 Motivation Using tobacco is not a healthy choice. Today, you’ll learn about tobacco’s dangers and how you can make the choice to be tobacco free for life.

3. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco3 Lesson overview What is tobacco? What are the different types of tobacco products? What is in tobacco? How does tobacco affect the user's body? What does tobacco do to a person's appearance?

4. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco4 Lesson overview (cont’d) Who buys tobacco? What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use? How expensive a habit is tobacco use? What is tobacco addiction? How many Americans do not smoke? What is withdrawal?

5. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco5 Lesson overview (cont’d) What does tobacco use cost society? Why do some teens start using tobacco? How can you avoid becoming a tobacco user? What strategies can you use to break the tobacco habit?

6. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco6 Quick Write Why do some teens begin using tobacco? List all the reasons you can think of.

7. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco7 What is tobacco? Plant grown in warm, humid climates Leaves dried, aged, mixed with chemicals Products made for smoking and chewing Contains powerful drug that makes user want more Harmful to health Major cause of early and preventable death

8. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco8 What are the different types of tobacco products? Types of tobacco products Cigarettes Cigars Pipes Smokeless tobacco Specialty cigarettes

9. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco9 What are the different types of tobacco products? (cont’d) Cigarettes Most common form of tobacco Smoked by millions of people Smokers at increased risk for certain diseases Cause more than 430,000 deaths in U.S. each year

10. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco10 What are the different types of tobacco products? (cont’d) Cigars Contain same substances as cigarettes but in larger quantities Cigar smokers have greater risk of Cancer of mouth, larynx, and esophagus Heart disease

11. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco11 What are the different types of tobacco products? (cont’d) Pipes Pipe smokers inhale less than cigarette smokers. Pipe smokers still have increased health risks. Cancers of lip, mouth, and throat are common in pipe smokers.

12. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco12 What are the different types of tobacco products? (cont’d) Smokeless tobacco Tobacco that is chewed or sniffed Not safer than inhaled tobacco products Poisonous substances absorbed through mouth or nose Cancers of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, stomach, and pancreas Stained teeth, tooth loss, gum disease

13. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco13 What are the different types of tobacco products? (cont’d) Specialty cigarettes Bidis Flavored, unfiltered cigarettes Some contain pure tobacco Clove cigarettes Made from tobacco and ground cloves More dangerous than regular cigarettes

14. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco14 What is in tobacco? Approximately 4,000 chemicals Over 200 chemicals dangerous to humans, including Nicotine Tar Carbon monoxide

15. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco15 What is in tobacco? (cont’d) Nicotine This drug reaches the brain quickly and creates feeling of stimulation. When chemicals have left the brain, user begins to feel discomfort. Desire to avoid discomfort causes user to crave more tobacco.

16. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco16 What is in tobacco? (cont’d) Tar Enters lungs and leaves residue Destroys cilia and air sacs in lungs Can make breathing difficult Can cause emphysema, other lung diseases, cancer

17. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco17 What is in tobacco? (cont’d) Carbon monoxide Passes through lungs into bloodstream Reduces amount of oxygen blood cells can carry Weakens muscles and blood vessels May lead to heart attacks and stroke

18. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco18 How does tobacco affect the user’s body? The chemicals in tobacco and tobacco smoke Cause damage to most body systems Are particularly damaging to teens, who are still growing Cause both short-term and long-term effects

19. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco19 What does tobacco do to a person’s appearance? Lingering smell on hands, hair, breath, clothing Stained teeth and fingers Older look because the skin wrinkles Cracked lips, inflamed gums, mouth sores

20. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco20 Who buys tobacco? Tobacco is big business in the U.S. Tobacco companies spend billions each year selling tobacco products. Companies want to attract new users. Children and teens represent most profitable market.

21. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco21 What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use? Nervous system Short-term effects Changes in brain chemistry Withdrawal symptoms Increased heart rate and blood pressure

22. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco22 What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use? (cont’d) Nervous system Long-term effects Increased risk of stroke because of decreased flow of oxygen to brain

23. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco23 What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use? (cont’d) Circulatory system Short-term effects Increased heart rate Reduced energy because of less oxygen to body tissues

24. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco24 What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use? (cont’d) Circulatory system Long-term effects Weakened and narrowed blood vessels Increased cholesterol levels Clogged blood vessels due to fatty buildup Reduced oxygen flow to heart Greater risk of heart disease and stroke

25. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco25 What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use? (cont’d) Respiratory system Short-term effects Bad breath Shortness of breath Reduced energy Coughing and more phlegm More frequent colds and flu

26. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco26 What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use? (cont’d) Increase in allergies and asthma Increase in respiratory illnesses Respiratory system Long-term effects Increased risk of lung cancer and lung diseases

27. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco27 What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use? (cont’d) Digestive system Short-term effects Upset stomach Bad breath Stained teeth Dulled taste buds Tooth decay

28. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco28 What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use? (cont’d) Digestive system Long-term effects Cancer of mouth and throat Gum and tooth disease Stomach ulcers Bladder cancer

29. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco29 How expensive a habit is tobacco use? People who use tobacco Frequently pay higher health insurance rates Generally have more doctor and dental bills Spend around $5.80 for each pack of cigarettes Will spend over $2,109 each year on cigarettes

30. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco30 What is tobacco addiction? Addiction—a physical or psychological need for a drug Nicotine causes two types of addiction. Physical dependence Psychological dependence

31. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco31 How many Americans do not smoke? Most adults and teens who smoke would like to quit. 44 million Americans are now former smokers. The number of Americans who don’t smoke has been rising steadily.

32. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco32 How many Americans do not smoke? (cont’d) Selected years Number of adults, in millions Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

33. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco33 What is withdrawal? Withdrawal Physical symptoms Craving to use nicotine Headaches Shakiness Fatigue Increased appetite Nausea

34. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco34 What is withdrawal? (cont’d) Psychological symptoms Feeling irritable, anxious, nervous Feeling anxious Feeling nervous Sadness Trouble thinking during the day and sleeping during the night

35. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco35 What does tobacco use cost society? Secondhand smoke Mainstream smoke—what a smoker inhales and exhales Sidestream smoke—given off by the burning end of a cigar, cigarette, or pipe

36. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco36 What does tobacco use cost society? (cont’d) Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke can develop Respiratory illnesses Lung disease Heart disease Cancer Infants and young children have more colds, ear infections, allergies, asthma

37. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco37 What does tobacco cost society? (cont’d) Public health costs Costs of health insurance and medical care increase for everyone. Costs to nation’s economy People miss work. Fewer goods or services are produced. Less money is made.

38. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco38 What does tobacco cost society? (cont’d) Pregnancy and tobacco Pregnant women who smoke risk low birth weight babies and premature delivery. Nicotine and carbon monoxide keep nutrients and oxygen from the fetus. SIDS is higher when parents smoke.

39. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco39 Why do some teens start using tobacco? Internal influences Stress Weight Image Independence Peer acceptance

40. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco40 Why do some teens start using tobacco? (cont’d) External influences Imitate role model Peers Entertainment Advertising Family members and other adults

41. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco41 How can you avoid becoming a tobacco user? Do not start using tobacco products. 90% of adult smokers began smoking before the age of 21. Half became regular smokers by age 18. Avoiding tobacco in middle school or high school will increase chances you will never start.

42. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco42 How can you avoid becoming a tobacco user? (cont’d) Strategies to resist peer pressure to use tobacco Choose friends who don’t use tobacco. Avoid situations where tobacco products may be used. Use refusal skills.

43. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco43 What strategies can you use to break the tobacco habit? Quit gradually Quit cold turkey Nicotine patch or nicotine gum Local support groups and organized programs Professional counselors

44. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco44 Lesson review Tobacco is a plant whose leaves are dried, aged, mixed with chemicals, and then used to make various products for smoking or chewing. Tobacco products include cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, smokeless tobacco, and specialty cigarettes such as bidis and clove cigarettes. Substances in tobacco include nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide.

45. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco45 Lesson review (cont’d) Nicotine is the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves and in all tobacco products. Tobacco causes damage to most systems in a user’s body. Tobacco can damage a user’s appearance, causing things such as wrinkles, tooth and mouth problems, and bad odor.

46. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco46 Lesson review (cont’d) Many people use tobacco, but most U.S. adults do not. The tobacco industry tries to attract young people to replace users who have quit or died. Short-term effects of tobacco use include increased heart rate and blood pressure, reduced energy, respiratory problems, and tooth decay.

47. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco47 Lesson review (cont’d) Long-term effects of tobacco use include weakened and clogged blood vessels as well as greater risk of cancer, stroke, and heart and lung diseases. Smokers may pay over $1,000 per year for a pack-a-day habit. (The 2005 cost varied up to $2,109 in the U.S.A.) Tobacco users generally have more medical bills and higher health insurance rates.

48. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco48 Lesson review (cont’d) Tobacco addiction is the physical or psychological dependence on tobacco use. In 1998, nearly 150 million adults either had never smoked or had quit smoking. Withdrawal from tobacco consists of the symptoms that occur when someone stops using it, including headaches, anxiety, shakiness, and nausea.

49. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco49 Lesson review (cont’d) Secondhand smoke is air that has been contaminated by smoke. Nonsmokers can develop respiratory illnesses, lung cancer, heart disease, and cancer as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. Tobacco use inflicts heavy costs on both smokers and nonsmokers; costs to the United States as a whole approach $100 billion per year.

50. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco50 Lesson review (cont’d) Some teens may start tobacco use because of internal issues, such as stress, weight concerns, image, independence, and peer acceptance. External influences that cause teens to start smoking include their desire to imitate role models who smoke, the influence of advertising, and the example of their parents and other adults using tobacco.

51. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco51 Lesson review (cont’d) You can avoid starting tobacco use by choosing nonsmoking friends, avoiding situations where smoking is likely, and using refusal skills. Strategies for quitting tobacco include going cold turkey, using a nicotine patch or gum, and joining support groups.

52. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco52 Summary What is tobacco? What are the different types of tobacco products? What is in tobacco? How does tobacco affect the user's body? What does tobacco do to a person's appearance? Who buys tobacco? What are the short-term and long-term effects of tobacco use?

53. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco53 Summary (cont’d) How expensive a habit is tobacco use? What is tobacco addiction? How many Americans do not smoke? What is withdrawal? What does tobacco use cost society? Why do some teens start using tobacco? How can you avoid becoming a tobacco user? What strategies can you use to break the tobacco habit?

54. Making Safe, Drug-Free Decisions Lesson 2, Chapter 5, Tobacco54 Next Done—Tobacco Next—Alcohol