1. Completing the Experiment

2. Your Question should be in the proper format: The Effect of Weight on the Drone’s Ability to Fly in Meters In this format, you can clearly see your Dependent Variable and your Independent Variable

3. Hypothesis Type a brief overview of your research here. Include why your experiment is important and what your hypothesis is. You should have a REASON for your hypothesis! My research has shown that Robots with four legs are most stable. I believe that my four legged robot will be the most stable.

4. Variables Controlled variables (CONSTANTS) These are kept the same throughout your experiments Independent variable The one variable you purposely change and test Dependent variable The measure of change observed because of independent variable Decide how you will measure the change

5. Materials List should include amounts. If you don’t know yet, leave a blank but remember to go back and fix it!! Materials (detailed list)Quantity (be specific) ItemAmount ItemAmount ItemAmount ItemAmount ItemAmount ItemAmount ItemAmount

6. Procedure: You may need photos or plans if you are doing something unique. Describe this step in your experiment Step 1 Describe this step in your experiment Step 2 Describe this step in your experiment Step 3 Describe this step in your experiment Step 4

7. Procedures Clean your area Gather your supplies Label your samples Begin.

8. Now you can start: Collecting Data You should have your spiral notebook or your black/white composition out and ready to jot down any thought, issue or lightbulb moment.

9. DATA: RAW DATA/PROCESSED DATA Raw Data is data that has not been organized in any way Processed Data is data that you have DONE SOMETHING TO!!! SalinityWeight at start Weight at end Change in weight Type of Solution 10 %12 g8 g-4 gHypertonic 50 %10 g2 g-8 gHypertonic

10. Types of data: Quantitative and Qualitative Quantitative Numerically counted or data expressed as numbers Most common data used in experiments Data can be shown in a graph or chart Qualitative: Data that is descriptive; data in language not in numbers Includes characteristics, properties, qualities This is data that can be observed: texture, taste, smell, beauty Qualitative data can be subjective and may not always be reliable The Best researchers will use BOTH TYPES of data!!!

11. Quantitative Data: Ratio and Interval Ratio data is data that uses a standard scale with a zero component Height, weight Crime rate, Unemployment rate Distance traveled Interval data is data that uses a scale without an absolute zero Temperature pH

12. Qualitative Data: Ordinal and Nominal Nominal data Can not be put into ranked order Hair color, gender Ordinal data Can be ranked – 10 is the meanest animal

13. Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode Central Tendency – the one value that is most typical of the entire set of data Mean: Mean is the most common measure of central tendency. It is simply the sum of the numbers divided by the number of numbers in a set of data. This is also known as average. Median: Median is the number present in the middle when the numbers in a set of data are arranged in ascending or descending order. If the number of numbers in a data set is even, then the median is the mean of the two middle numbers. Mode: Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a set of data. Examples of Measures of Central Tendency For the data 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8 the measures of central tendency are Mean = 4.56 41/9 Median = 5 Mode = 5

14. What does the central tendency tell us? Central tendency can help us describe the overall data set. It can tell us if the data is skewed to one side. It can tell us if there are outliers. It can tell us how the data points relate to the central value.

15. Variation Variation – Shows the spread of the data Standard Deviation (online calculator) is an equation that compares every data point to the mean. A high sd means that the data is very spread out, a low one means that data is all close to the mean Why is this important? What would you want to have?

16. Range Range is a measure of the difference between the smallest and largest values 73, 77, 84, 87, 89, 91, 94 highest - lowest = 94 - 73 = 21 This is nicely shown in a “BOX AND WHISKERS” graph

17. Box and Whiskers and Stem and Leaf

18. Frequency Distribution Frequency distributions are visual displays that organize and present frequency counts so that the information can be interpreted more easily.

19. This is your data being processed!!! Processing includes finding the mean, median and mode. Processing includes finding the standard deviation. Processing includes doing a visual representation of your data (graph) Processing MAY include finding a trend or making a prediction Processing includes doing a statistical analysis on your data. We will have separate notes on this!!!

20. Chi Square We will complete a second practice set on a statistical analysis a bit later. T-test

21. Analysis/Conclusion Talk about all aspects of your data. Mention your standard deviation, outliers, any trends, mean, box and whiskers, etc…… Explain what your results mean! Indicate and explain whether or not the data supports your hypothesis What improvements can you do to this experiment if you do it again?