Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

 Water reabsorption  Diuretics.  3 parts to water reabsorption:  1. reabsorption of salt  2. establishment of solute gradient  3. reabsorption of.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: " Water reabsorption  Diuretics.  3 parts to water reabsorption:  1. reabsorption of salt  2. establishment of solute gradient  3. reabsorption of."— Presentation transcript:

1  Water reabsorption  Diuretics

2  3 parts to water reabsorption:  1. reabsorption of salt  2. establishment of solute gradient  3. reabsorption of water

3  Sodium (Na) and water is filtered through at glomerulus however, about 99% of is reabsorbed back into the blood stream

4  Hormones help regulate the reabsorption of salt at the distal convoluted tubule  Renin  Secretes aldosterone  Aldosterone  Excretes Potassium ions (K+) and reabsorption of Sodium ions (Na+)

5  Na that isn’t reabsorbed at the PCT is reabsorbed at the Loop of Henle  Descending limb  Permeable to water  Filtrate is more concentrated  Ascending Limb  Impermeable to water  Filtrate becomes more dilute Here medulla salty

6  Collecting Duct  1. If the body needs water (dehydrated) it releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH)  collecting duct becomes permeable to water  Water diffuses out of the collecting duct  Less urine, and more concentrated  2. If the body is hydrated it will not release ADH  diuretic means increase amount of urine  Collecting duct remains impermeable to water  More urine, more diluted expelled from the bladder

7 Alcohol suppresses ADH production by the pituitary Without ADH, higher amounts of water stay in the urine Urine with high concentrations of water leaves the body

8  Examples of diuretics  Coffee  Tea  Energy drinks  Supplements/pills

9  Benefits  Help lower blood pressure  Reduce bloating  Risks  Frequent urination  Electrolyte abnormalities  Extreme tiredness or weakness  Muscle cramps or weakness  Dizziness, lightheadedness  Dehydration  Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting

10  Acid-base balance  Normal pH 7.4  If we have a pH above this it is called alkalosis  If we have a pH below this it is called acidosis

11  Too much base in blood  Can be caused by:  High altitude (less oxygen)  Sweating/vomiting  Lack of potassium  Symptoms: nausea, numbness, muscle spasms, tremors  Prevent  Healthy foods, drinking enough fluids

12  Too much acid in blood  Can be caused by:  Dehydration  Diet (high fat, low carb)  Can cause fatigue, headaches, lack of appetite, funny breath  Prevent  Foods

13  There are a number of different mechanisms that try to keep our blood at 7.4pH level  1. Acid-Base Buffer System  2. Respiratory Center  3. Kidneys

14  Buffers try to counter act a base or an acid  Chemical or combination of chemicals that try to take up excess hydrogen ion (acid) or excess hydroxide ions (base)

15  When there is too much acid (H + ) it will combine with a weak base buffer (HCO 3 )  The weak base “soaks” up the stronger acid to try and neutralize it  When there is too much base (OH - ) it wil combine with a weak acid buffer (H 2 C0 3 ) to neutralize it

16  If there is too much H+ in our blood our breathing rate increase  This causes excess of H+ to be released  Breath out C0 2 and H 2 0

17  Kidneys are our best mechanism for removing large amounts of acid or base from our blood  Excess acid in blood  H+ ions are excreted  OH- reabsorbed  If excess of base in blood  H+ are not excreted  OH- is not reabsorbed  This is because urine is already very acidic when it is excreted the excess of OH will follow

18  Ketosis  Happens when your body resorts to fat for energy after your stored carbohydrates have been burned out  It occurs in people who eat low-carb, high-protein diets  Atkins  Ketogenic diet  Diets work by using fat stores as primary source of energy you may lose weight. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0N3iwMak-SU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0N3iwMak-SU  20:35-28:00

19  Ketosis  What is it?  buildup of a substance known as ketones, in your blood. They are released when your body’s carbohydrate stores run out and you have to break down fat stores for energy

20  What causes it?  This can typically happen when the body is lacking insulin and blood glucose levels become high  Often associated with being on a high protein, low carb diet  A low level of carbohydrate will lead to low levels of insulin,  body will produce ketones which do not rely on insulin to get into and fuel the body’s cells.  Can also be related to diabetes  Excessive alcohol consumption

21  Effects on the kidney  Extra strain on Kidneys  In processing higher amounts of protein, your kidneys work harder  Frequent urination  Increase in sodium, calcium and potassium excreted  Kidney stones  Kidney failure

22  Other side effects  Low blood pressure  another function mediated by your kidneys due to extra fluid and electrolyte  Increase acidity in blood  Osteoporosis  Headaches  Dizziness  Muscle cramps  Nausea  Bad breath

23  Treatment  Prevention  Healthy diet that has a balance of carbohydrates, fats and protein  Insulin therapy along

24  Other facts  Dr. Atkins invented the atkins diet in 1972  Became very popular in 2000’s and was one of many low carb diets  Ketosis can cause bad breath that is often described like smelling like nail polish remover

25  Create a poster about a disorder of the kidney or bladder  Your poster should have the following:  Brief description of the disorder  Causes of the disease or disorder  Symptoms of the disease or disorder  Treatments for the disease or disorder  Any other Important Information for the disease or disorder  Reference List (minimum 3 sources)  You will also be graded on:  Visuals (include pictures)  Neatness  Creativity  Rubric to follow

26  Topics Acute Renal Failure Bladder Cancer Enlarged Prostate Enuresis (bed-wetting) Hematuria – blood in the urine Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome – blood clots in kidney Incontinence (urinary) – urinary leakage Nephritis – inflammation of kidneys Nocturia – wake up ofen to go to the bathroom Over Active Bladder Polycystic Kidney Disease Prostate Cancer Renal Calculi (Kidney stones) Ureteritis Urinary Cystitis (bladder infection)


Download ppt " Water reabsorption  Diuretics.  3 parts to water reabsorption:  1. reabsorption of salt  2. establishment of solute gradient  3. reabsorption of."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google