1. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. McGraw-Hill Technology Education Chapter 14A Understanding the Need for Security Measures

3. 14A-3 Basic Security Concepts Threats –Anything that can harm a computer –Vulnerabilities are weaknesses in security –Security attempts to neutralize threats

4. 14A-4 Basic Security Concepts Degrees of harm –Level of potential damage –Include all parts of system Potential data loss Loss of privacy Inability to use hardware Inability to use software

5. 14A-5 Basic Security Concepts Countermeasures –Steps taken to block a threat –Protect the data from theft –Protect the system from theft

6. 14A-6 Threats To Users Identity Theft –Impersonation by private information Thief can ‘become’ the victim –Reported incidents rising –Methods of stealing information Shoulder surfing Snagging Dumpster diving Social engineering High-tech methods

7. 14A-7 Threats To Users Loss of privacy –Personal information is stored electronically –Purchases are stored in a database Data is sold to other companies –Public records on the Internet –Internet use is monitored and logged –None of these techniques are illegal

8. 14A-8 Threats to Users Cookies –Files delivered from a web site –Originally improved a site’s function –Cookies now track history and passwords –Browsers include cookie blocking tools

9. 14A-9 Threats to Users Spyware –Software downloaded to a computer –Designed to record personal information –Typically undesired software –Hides from users –Several programs exist to eliminate

10. 14A-10 Threats to Users Web bugs –Small programs embedded in gif images –Gets around cookie blocking tools –Companies use to track usage –Blocked with spyware killers

11. 14A-11 Threats to Users Spam –Unsolicited commercial email –Networks and PCs need a spam blocker Stop spam before reaching the inbox –Spammers acquire addresses using many methods –CAN-SPAM Act passed in 2003

12. 14A-12 Threats to Hardware Affect the operation or reliability Power-related threats –Power fluctuations Power spikes or browns out –Power loss –Countermeasures Surge suppressors Line conditioners Uninterruptible power supplies Generators

13. 14A-13 Threats to Hardware Theft and vandalism –Thieves steal the entire computer –Accidental or intentional damage –Countermeasures Keep the PC in a secure area Lock the computer to a desk Do not eat near the computer Watch equipment Chase away loiterers Handle equipment with care

14. 14A-14 Threats to Hardware Natural disasters –Disasters differ by location –Typically result in total loss –Disaster planning Plan for recovery List potential disasters Plan for all eventualities Practice all plans

15. 14A-15 Threats to Data The most serious threat –Data is the reason for computers –Data is very difficult to replace –Protection is difficult Data is intangible

16. 14A-16 Threats to Data Viruses –Software that distributes and installs itself –Ranges from annoying to catastrophic –Countermeasures Anti-virus software Popup blockers Do not open unknown email

17. 14A-17 Threats to Data Trojan horses –Program that poses as beneficial software –User willingly installs the software –Countermeasures Anti-virus software Spyware blocker

18. 14A-18 Threats to Data Cybercrime –Using a computer in an illegal act –Fraud and theft are common acts

19. 14A-19 Threats to Data Internet fraud –Most common cybercrime –Fraudulent website –Have names similar to legitimate sites

20. 14A-20 Threats to Data Hacking –Using a computer to enter another network –Cost users $1.3 trillion in 2003 –Hackers motivation Recreational hacking Financial hackers Grudge hacking –Hacking methods Sniffing Social engineering Spoofing

21. 14A-21 Threats to Data Distributed denial of service attack –Attempt to stop a public server –Hackers plant the code on computers –Code is simultaneously launched –Too many requests stops the server

22. 14A-22 Threats to Data Cyber terrorism –Attacks made at a nations information –Targets include power plants –Threat first realized in 1996 –Organizations combat cyber terrorism Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) Department of Homeland Security

23. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Technology Education Chapter 14A End of Chapter

24. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

25. McGraw-Hill Technology Education Chapter 14B Taking Protective Measures

26. 14B-26 Avoiding Identity Theft Guard your papers –Shred unneeded papers –Pick up you mail quickly –Check statements immediately –Keep records for 3 years

27. 14B-27 Avoiding Identity Theft Guard your personal information –Be wary giving out information –Avoid giving account numbers –Never give personal information in e-mail –Ensure online shopping is secure

28. 14B-28 Avoiding Identity Theft Look at the big picture –Review your credit report yearly –Develop an efficient filing system –Know your liability limits

29. 14B-29 Protecting Your Privacy Keep marketers at bay –Be wary filling out forms –Guard your primary email address Have a ‘spam account’ for forms

30. 14B-30 Protecting Your Privacy Know your legal rights –1966 Freedom of Information Act –1970 Fair Credit Reporting Act –Privacy Act of 1974 –1986 Electronic Communications Act –Financial Modernization Act of 1999 –2001 USA Patriot Act

31. 14B-31 Managing Cookies and Spyware Dealing with cookies –Browsers provide settings to block cookies –No cookies to all cookies allowed –Without cookies some sites crash –Cookies can be deleted Browsers Spyware programs

32. 14B-32 Managing Cookies and Spyware Cookie types –Session cookies Cookies for the current site –Persistent cookies Stored on hard drive until deleted –First-party cookies Installed by the current site –Third-party cookies Installed by an ad

33. 14B-33 Deleting Cookies

34. 14B-34 Managing Cookies and Spyware Removing web bugs and spyware –Install a spyware removal program None are 100% effective, use two –Install a pop-up blocker Are extremely effective

35. 14B-35 Managing Cookies and Spyware Evading spam –Contact your ISP –Use mail program’s filters –Use an anti-spam program –Use an online account for purchasing

36. 14B-36 Protection From Malware Viruses and worms –Purchase a good anti-virus product –Keep the product updated –Keep your OS up to date

37. 14B-37 Protecting Your System Limit physical access –Easiest way to harm or steal data –Build an account for each user –Require a password for access Software and hardware password

38. 14B-38 Protecting Your System Use a firewall –Protects from unauthorized remote use –Makes your computer invisible –Cost between $0 and $80

39. 14B-39 Protecting Your System Backup often –Backup is a copy of a file –Restore replaces a file on disk –Organizations backup at least daily –Home users should backup weekly

40. 14B-40 System Events OS generates messages for events Provides clues about computer health Can alert to potential problems Windows includes the Event Viewer

41. 14B-41 Event Viewer

42. 14B-42 Handling Storage Media Store media in the proper container –Floppy disks in a hard case –CD should be in a sleeve –Thumb disks should be closed

43. 14B-43 Handling Storage Media Avoid magnetism –Magnets erase the contents of disks –Magnets found in Speakers Televisions and CRT monitors Radios

44. 14B-44 Handling Storage Media Heat and cold –Avoid extreme temperatures Heat expands media Cold contracts media –Floppies and CD-ROMs are susceptible

45. 14B-45 Handling Storage Media Moisture –Do not use wet media –CDs can be wiped off –Floppy disks must dry for days

46. 14B-46 Handling Storage Media Dust, dirt, and fingerprints –Dirty or scratched media will fail –Handle media by the edge –Clean CDs with gentle strokes

47. 14B-47 Storing Computer Equipment Never store near large electronics Store in dry, climate controlled rooms Plan for natural disasters Stack equipment safely

48. 14B-48 Keeping Your Computer Clean Computers should be spotless Avoid eating or smoking at computer Clean the dust from inside the system Change the filters if present

49. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Technology Education Chapter 14B End of Chapter