1. research | consulting | technology www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge Moving people and freight in the urban environment Dr James Luk Chief Scientist, Transport Management & Safety

2. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 2 Contents urban congestion network monitoring managing congestion for general traffic managing urban truck movements some observations

3. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 3 Road traffic system

4. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 4 Congestion more than 900,000 new cars in 2005 limited public sector road funds severe recurrent congestion incidents more toll roads which can be congested what are the congestion management tools available?

5. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 5 Network monitoring

6. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 6 Network performance monitoring National Performance Indicators (NPI) - floating-car surveys real-time monitoring using loop sensors real-time monitoring using automatic vehicle location (AVL) technologies: vehicle tags, GPS, mobile phones

7. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 7 Example – a.m. peak speed (km/h) (Source: http://www.algin.net/austroads/)

8. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 8 VicRoads freeway data

9. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 9 Monash Freeway – absolute change in volumes by time of day against base year 2001

10. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 10 ARRB research on arterial travel times

11. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 11 Congestion contours (Brisbane)

12. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 12 AVL technologies, e.g. CityLink tags

13. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 13 Managing congestion (general traffic)

14. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 14 Enabling technologies Info & Com Tech (ICT) - short range tags DSRC - satellite GPS - mobile phone - GPS + mobile phone - Auto No. Plate Recognition image processing sensors smart cards

15. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 15 Measures (general traffic) pricing network operations and driver information more integrated public transport

16. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 16 Road pricing

17. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 17 Congestion pricing Singapore 1975 : Toll S$3 ; -73% less traffic London 2003 : Toll £5 ; -20% less traffic Tehran ?? many other variants effective for managing congestion but still difficult to accept

18. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 18 Car ownership costs ERP - S$100 m per year in Singapore (1999) Premium from Certificate of Entitlement - S$1,500 m per year (1999) little doubt on which is the more effective tool Shanghai is learning fast but high car ownership costs in Australia has serious implications

19. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 19 Road network operations shift from time management, e.g. signals and ramp metering to better traffic distribution in time and space tools: - congestion pricing  - traveller information from network monitoring

20. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 20 Network impact of traveller information road managers can achieve lower network delay with subscription level up to 30% individual subscribers get personalised guidance thus reducing own travel time Content Delivery Road managers and road users

21. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 21 Integrated public transport better and more pt service smart cards smart bus – real-time monitoring and scheduling better integration

22. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 22 Five ways of integration physical integration network integration fare integration  information integration institutional integration infrastructure integration

23. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 23 Large infrastructure integration

24. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 24 Information integration Network & institutional integration

25. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 25 Managing urban truck movements

26. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 26 Management of truck operations and access land use regulation truck routes and access management (urban IAP) signal linking and other Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) parking and loading control truck bans

27. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 27 Land use few green field sites zoning - complementary land uses relocation, e.g. freight terminals urban renewal infrastructure and access, e.g. East Link and Bunnings Warehouse in Melbourne There has been less urban truck movements due to better planning

28. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 28 Truck routes - PBS road classification NTC study by ARRB - based on road geometries, traffic engineering, vehicle dynamics and environmental considerations

29. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 29 Benefits of a unified truck route framework harmonised and consistent guidelines truck operators are fully aware of which routes to use for different truck types more transparent in granting permits route continuities (or discontinuities) a network of ‘high productivity’ routes could be considered movements of hazardous goods can be accommodated.

30. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 30 Lack of signal linking for trucks QUT research ‘red wave’

31. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 31 Some observations

32. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 32 Looking back success stories: - Internet, mobile phones - tolling technologies - safer cars & in-vehicle devices - smart cards potential recognised: - real-time ITS data - dynamic network operations - congestion pricing - interoperable tolling

33. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 33 Looking back not so successful - system architecture - cost / benefit analysis - equity issue but look at HOT lanes - making money out of driver info - many players of different agenda

34. www.arrb.com.auAdvancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge 34 Future and conclusions ( 2016) more and better data road pricing: - more tolled roads - DSRC and satellite based - toll for extra capacity on existing roads - time-of-day pricing - real-time HV charging safer cars more in-car devices 3G networks with traffic contents $3 per litre petrol BUT congestion won’t go away