1. Fungi

2. Characteristics of Fungi
Eukaryotes
Most are _____cellular
Not closely related to other kingdoms of organisms
Fungi were once placed in the _____ kingdom

3. Fungi are heterotrophs
Fungi are not green……why?
Fungi do not have __________ and cannot capture energy from sunlight
Instead, they get energy and organic molecules from their surroundings

4. Structure Fungi are made of cells in long, slender filaments; Hyphae
Each hypha is a long string of individual cells separated by walls called septa
Septa have holes in them to let _________ and ________ travel between cells

5. Structure
As they grow, hyphae branch and tangle to form a mass called a mycelium
Not all fungi have hyphae or a mycelium; Yeasts
Usually, the only part of the fungus you see are its _________________ structures!

6. Cell walls of fungi Made up of chitin
Same tough material is also found in exoskeletons of ___________ and arthropods

7. Fungi digest food outside their bodies
Some fungi attack living ______ and ________
Others attack dead organisms
Hyphae break down organic matter and absorb nutrients

8. Reproduction Fungi reproduce by __________
Spores produce a new individual fungus
Spores can be carried by ______ currents or by animals
Moisture causes spores to rapidly grow into a hypha

9. How can fungi be beneficial to people?
P.O.D. 4/7/09
How can fungi be beneficial to people?

10. Fungi Lifecycle

11. Groups of Fungi Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes Ascomycetes Zygomycetes
Spores produced on stalks that grow from a zygosporangium
Spores produced in saclike reproductive structures
Spores form at tips of clublike reproductive structures
Unusual, rare, or not observed reproduction

12. Bread Molds Zygomycetes
Form reproductive structures called zygosporangia
Spores can remain _________ for months
Spread by wind/air currents

13. Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes
Yeasts, mildews, morels, truffles
Spores form in _________
Without ascomycetes, no bread, pizza, rolls, moldy cheeses like Camembert and Roquefort

14. Club fungi - Basidiomycetes
Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs
Largest group of fungi
Reproductive structures are _______ shaped

15. Fungi Imperfecti - Deuteromycetes
Common molds
No known method of sexual reproduction
Penicillium notatum
Produces the antibiotic penicillin
Deuteromycetes can cause skin diseases such as athlete’s foot

16. Fungi Plants Mycorrhizae
Symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants
Fungi gives water and minerals
Plant gives photosynthetically produced food

17. Fungi Algae
Lichen
Mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria
Fungi absorbs water and minerals from environment
Algae uses nutrients for photosynthesis and provides organic molecules

18. Lichens Can survive in very harsh conditions
Susceptible to air pollution
Acts as an indicator for scientists to track air pollution

19. Humans Fungi Yeast – Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Penicillin – Penicillium notatum
Cyclosporine – made by fungi, helps body accept organ transplants (50%90%)
Yeasts are used for genetic engineering, may lead to new treatments for AIDS and cancer

20. Humans Fungi Fungi cause diseases in crops
Farmers lose billions of dollars per year from fungal crop diseases
Histoplasma capsulatum – causes histoplasmosis, a serious and sometimes fatal disease in humans