1. Chapter 9 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
Hypothesis
What is the difference between these three items?
Give examples if you need to.

2. Matter From the Beginning… Matter is anything that has mass or weight.
It takes up space and has a definite volume.
It must exhibit inertia (If something is at rest , it must stay at rest until a force acts upon it).
It cannot occupy the same space as other matter at the same time.
It has physical and chemical properties.

3. The BIG Picture Categorizing Matter
Described using physical and chemical properties
Pure Substance
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Elements
Smallest particle is the atom
Compounds
Smallest particle is the Molecule
Homogenous
One type of atom throughout specimen.
Atoms combine chemically
and cannot be separated.
Two or more atoms combine to create a new substance.
Solutions
Mixtures of two or more substances

4. Elements Compounds Pure Substances or One type of atom
Smallest particle
is the atom.
Compounds
Smallest particle
is the Molecule. or
One type of
atom
throughout specimen.
Atoms combine chemically and cannot be separated physically.
Two or more atoms combine to
create a molecule of a
new substance.

5. Pure Substance - Elements
92 elements occur naturally and Many more have been created in a laboratory

6. found in food and Vitamins
Element s for Your Body!
Common Trace Elements
found in food and Vitamins
Boron: Deficiencies of boron can contribute to osteoporosis.
Copper: Deficiencies of copper can cause premature hair graying, and premature wrinkling of the skin.
Iodine: Deficiencies of iodine can cause a thyroid imbalance or reduced fertility.
Selenium: Deficiencies of selenium can cause people to age prematurely or to have slower than normal recovery from illnesses.
Zinc: Deficiencies of zinc can cause sterility, and depression.

7. Is Air an ELEMENT?

8. Air is primarily made up of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%)
Air is primarily made up of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The remaining 1% is made up of argon (0.93%), carbon dioxide (0.03%) and other trace gases (0.003%).
What about …
Fire? Earth? Water?

9. Top TEN Elements In Earth’s Crust

10. Famous Elements
Titanium is a hard, silvery-gray metallic element. Its symbol is Ti. It is the 9th most common element in the Earth’s crust.

11. Pure Substance - Compounds Every compound is a pair or group of atoms that are combined in a definite proportion. MILLIONS of compounds have been identified!
Table Salt Or
Sodium Chloride
Safe and necessary for life.
Highly explosive when exposed to water!
Poisonous yellow -green gas
plus
equals

12. Common Household Compounds
(1) water - H2O (2) sodium chloride (table salt) NaCl (3) sucrose (table sugar) C12H22O11 (4) sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) NaHCO3 (5) calcium carbonate (chalk or marble) CaCO3 (6) acetic acid (vinegar) HC2H3O2 (8) ammonia (household ammonia) - NH3 (9) sodium hypochlorite (bleach) NaClO (10) sodium hydroxide (drain cleaner) NaOH (11) calcium hydroxide (lime) Ca(OH)2 (12) sodium stearate (soap) CH3(CH2)16COONa (13) glycerol (glycerin) C3H5(OH)3 (14) hydrogen peroxide (antiseptic or bleach) - H2O2 (15) isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) CH3COHCH3 (16) silicon dioxide (glass) SiO2 (17) starch (flour) (C6H10O5)n

13. What other household products can you think of that may be compounds?
Homework Activity
Bring in one empty container that has the label in tact – We are on the search for household Compounds! Examples…
Bleach bottle
Cleanser container
Vinegar bottle
What other household products can you think of that may be compounds?

14. The BIG Picture Categorizing Matter
Described using physical and chemical properties
Pure Substance
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Elements
Smallest particle is the atom
Compounds
Smallest particle is the Molecule
Homogenous
One type of atom throughout specimen.
Atoms combine chemically
and cannot be separated.
Two or more atoms combine to create a new substance.
Solutions
Mixtures of two or more substances

15. Mixtures ARE NOT PURE SUBSTANCES!
Substances in a mixture CAN be separated by physical means!
Mixtures can be…
Heterogeneous: In substances in the mixture are NOT evenly distributed. Or
Homogenous: The substances in the mixture
ARE evenly distributed.

16. Heterogeneous Mixtures NOT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED!
Examples of Heterogeneous mixtures are…

17. What heterogeneous Mixtures can you think of?

18. Homogenous Mixtures ARE evenly distributed!
Examples are…

19. More on a Homogenous Mixture
If it appears to be the same throughout it is called a “solution”
In a solution the component that is present in the largest amount is called the “solvent”
The parts that are in the solution in lesser quantities are called “solutes”

20. What homogenous Mixtures can you think of?

21. Wrap Up Review Matter Pure Substance Mixture Elements Compounds
Described using physical and chemical properties
Pure Substance
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Unevenly distributed
Elements
Smallest particle is the atom
Compounds
Smallest particle is the Molecule
Homogenous
One type of atom throughout specimen.
Atoms combine chemically
and cannot be separated.
Two or more atoms combine to create a new substance.
Solutions
Mixtures of two or more substances that are evenly distributed
Largest component = solvent
Smaller components = solutes

22. All Mixtures can be physically separated!
Separating Mixtures
All Mixtures can be physically separated!
Let’s Practice!