2. Anglo-Saxons: 449-1066

3. History Roman occupation: 55B.C to A.D 409. Came with Julius Caesar-stayed 400 years. Created a government Built defensive walls Built roads. When they left they took their government- England open to invasion

4. Anglo-Saxon invasion Angles and Saxon (Germany/Dutch) took over-imposed language and warrior culture. Brought loyalty to communities Saw religion as grim Storytellers (scopes) important Scopes told the history through songs Divided into clans until King Alfred the Great of Wessex in the ninteth century.

5. Spread of Christianity Christianity introduces to Britain during Roman occupation 5 th century became dominate religion By 7 th century Paganism almost extinct

6. William the Conqueror Crossed English Channel in 1066 Defeated Anglo- Saxon armies (Battle of Hastings) Ended Anglo-Saxon culture in England.

7. The British Legacy British gradually create political system of (by the people for the people) US would not be what it is today without British Common law, government and language. Great Britain invaded/settled many times Each invader formed formed what Britain is today

8. The Spirit of the Celts Celts-tall blonde warrior, Brythons,Britons. Britian came from the words Brythons,and Britons. Animism-Latin word for spirit. Priests (druids) acted as intermediates for Gods an people. Britons have long hair, shaved bodies, and dye their bodies for a more terrifying appearance in battle.

9. The Celtic Heroes/Heroines Sir Thomas Malory gathered legends together and made the Le Morte d’Arthur-which was about a king who became the embodiment if British Values Celtic legends are full of strong women such as Queen Maeve of Connacht Celtic tales let magic and imagination rule

10. Anglo-Saxon’s Sweep Ashore The attack came forth the north during the cluration of the 5 th century The invaders consisted of Angles and Saxons tribe members They settled the greater part of Britain and from there took the name of Engla Land. The celts were newcomers to England but it wasn’t easy for them, so they moved to wales.

11. A light from Ireland In 432 the whole Celtic Ireland was converted to Christianity by a Romanized Britain named Patrick 432 to 750 Ireland experienced a Golden Age Irish monks founded monasteries that became sanctuaries of learning for refugee scholars from Europe and England

12. Anglo-Saxon Life 1939 in Suffolk, England an enormous ship grave was discovered. Which represents the burial of a Great King or noble warrior. Reminded them of King Beowulfs grave.

13. The Romans Caesar invades Britain in 55 B.C. Conquers Celts Provided a military for Anglo-Saxons Built roads (still used today) and defensive wall (73 miles long) Christianity becomes unifying force Celts religion to vanish Romans evacuated from Britain in A.D. 409 Left everything behind but a central government

14.  Fame and success was gained from loyalty to the leader  Beowulf gained his respect by defeating the monster who tried to kill King Hrothgar

15. Social Influences Based on warfare Women Rights after Norman Conquest in 1066 Morgengifu (morning gift) of money and land Women had personal control over gift Women abbesses controlled large double- houses Hild most famous abbesses

16. Anglo-Saxon Religion Each god had a purpose Were more concerned with ethics than with mysticism. Warrior gods/like mythology From Germany Earthy virtues of bravery, loyalty, generosity, and friendship.

17. The Bards Cummunal Hall- provided shelter for Scopes to tell stories. Scopes-was also called Bards or story tellers. Sang of Gods and heroes.

18. Hope in Immortal Verse  Anglo – Saxton lit. contains work in same elegiac,( mournful, strain)  For non-Christian A-S only fame and commemoration in poetry provide defense against death

19. The Christian Monasteries Monasteries served as center of learning Preserved literature such as Beowulf Monks assigned to monastery copied manuscripts by hand Scriptoriums writing room) had makeshift walls.

20. The rise of the English Language Latin was only language in England till King Alfred Alfred instituted Anglo – Saxon chronicle, covered earliest days until 1154

21. Fast Facts King Alfred of Wessex unite Anglo-Saxons in England, late ninth century Scopes (poets) old stories in early British culture Christian monks copy ancient manuscripts

22. Major Works-Beowulf – archetype-good vs. evil – Main character’s: Beowulf-Hero – Next

23. Click on the title to play the trailer. from Beowulf

24. Characteristics of an Epic An epic, a long narrative poem that traces the adventures of a great hero, has the power to transport you to another time and place. Beowulf takes you to the Anglo-Saxon period and the land of the Danes and the Geats, where a mighty warrior battles fantastic monsters.

25. Characteristics of an Epic The hero is a legendary figure who performs deeds requiring incredible courage and strength. The hero embodies character traits that reflect lofty ideals. As you read the poem, note some of the following characteristics of epic poetry:

26. The poet uses formal diction and a serious tone. The poem reflect timeless values and universal themes. Characteristics of an Epic Friendship Good vs. Evil

27. Reading Old English Poetry Here are some of the techniques used in an Old English poem: Old English poetry is marked by a strong rhythm that is easy to chant or sing. alliteration, or the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words, which helps unify the lines So mankind’s enemy continued his crimes

28. ˘ ΄ ˘ ˘ ΄ ˘ ΄ ˘ ΄ ˘ He took what he wanted, // all the treasures caesura, or a pause dividing each line, with each part having two accented syllables to help maintain the rhythm of the lines Reading Old English Poetry

29. kenning, a metaphorical compound word or phrase substituted for a noun or name, which enhances meaning— for example, “mankind’s enemy” used in place of “Grendel” As you read Beowulf, note examples of these techniques and consider their effect on rhythm and meaning in the poem. Reading Old English Poetry

30. The vocabulary words in the box on the right help convey the monstrous forces Beowulf faces in the epic. Choose a word from the list that has the same definition as each numbered item. affliction gorge infamous lair livid loathsome purge talon 1. claw 2. burden 3. notorious 4. cram [talon] [affliction] [infamous] [gorge]

31. affliction n. a force that oppresses or causes suffering gorge v. to stuff with food; glut infamous adj. having a very bad reputation lair n. the den or resting place of a wild animal

32. livid adj. discolored from being bruised loathsome adj. disgusting purge v. to cleanse or rid of something undesirable talon n. a claw