1. Organic Compounds & Carbohydrates

2. Organic Molecules All contain at least one carbon atom Carbon forms four covalent bonds Likes to bond with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and other carbons!

3. Organic Molecules What type of bond is present in all of these structures? C-H Bonds!!

4. Making Molecules What are Monomers? Single units that make up larger polymers Like links in a chain!

5. What are Polymers? Made by linking together many monomers The CHAIN itself!

6. Linking Monomers Dehydration Synthesis What occurs in dehydration? Water is Lost What does synthesis mean? To build So dehydration synthesis removes a water molecule to build a polymer!!

7. Dehydration Synthesis

8. Unlinking Monomers Hydrolysis What does hydro mean? Water What does lysis mean? To break apart So Hydrolysis uses water to break apart polymers!

9. Hydrolysis What is the purpose of hydrolysis? To break apart glucose for energy! Occurs in DIGESTION!!!

10. Carbohydrates – How They’re Made Made up of C, H, O,

11. Carbohydrates – How they’re Made What does the name carbohydrate mean? “Carbo” from Carbon (C) “Hydrate” from Water (H2O)

12. What are the monomers of a carbohydrate? Monosaccharides What does mono mean? What is a saccharide? One Sugar or Simple Sugar!

13. Carbohydrates – How they’re Made Many monosaccharides are isomers of each other So what are isomers? Compounds with the same molecular formula (same number of atoms) but different structural formula Same molecular formula Different structural formula

14. What is the ratio of carbons:hydrogens:oxygen? 1:2:1

15. Carbohydrates – How they’re Made If a monosaccaride is one sugar, what are Disaccharides? Sugars made up of two monosaccarides Formed through dehydration synthesis Two Monosaccharides Disaccharide Table Sugar

16. What’s happening here?

17. Carbohydrates – How they’re Made What are Polysaccarides? Many sugars! AKA Complex Carbohydrates Includes: Starch Glygogen Celluose Animals consume and break down starch to obtain glucose Used for energy (ATP) storage in plants Animals break down glycogen to obtain quick energy(ATP) from glucose Used for energy (ATP) storage in animals

18. Animals cannot break it down- this is the fiber in your diet! Cellulose has a different type of bond. The long chains of monomers actually link to each other. Primary structural molecule in plants. Cell Walls!!