1. Today is Thursday, June 4 th, 2015 Pre-Class: Today we are reviewing. Have your questions ready!

2. Today’s Agenda Review Revolution? Review

3. Review Game Rules I will ask a question to the class. Each participant (that’s you) writes down the answer silently. – Not each group…each individual. After a few moments, I will say, “Compare answers.” Each of you will look at what the other wrote.

4. Review Game Rules Did you each get the right answer? – 2 points. Did one of you get the right answer? – 1 point. Neither of you? – For shame. 0 points. – And eternal guilt.

5. Review Game Rules The List of Do Nots: – Do not talk to each other, make noises, gesture, give answers (my discretion here) between when the question has been read and when I say, “Compare answers.” Doing so will result in a disqualification for that round. Don’t believe me? Try it. – Do not fall asleep when I’m getting scores. If you’re not paying attention, I’m not giving you points.

6. Review Question 1 Which is more violent – a solar flare or a solar prominence? – Solar flare.

7. Review Question 2 What’s the X-axis on an H-R Diagram? – Temperature or spectral class, hottest to the left.

8. Review Question 3 And the Y-axis of the H-R Diagram? – Luminosity (or brightness).

9. Review Question 4 Imagine looking at a compass positioned on the surface of the Sun. How many years would it take for the needle to flip 180°? – 11 years (22 total to flip and flip back).

10. Review Question 5 What is one (of the two acceptable) names for the areas in which stars are born? – Nebula or interstellar cloud.

11. Review Question 6 What is the name given to the study of vibrations coming from the inner parts of the Sun? – Helioseismology.

12. Review Question 7 What kind of star is a pulsar? – A neutron star.

13. Review Question 8 What is the lowest layer of the Sun we can see? – The photosphere.

14. Review Question 9 What stellar property is the strongest predictor of the length of a star’s life? – Mass.

15. Review Question 10 BONUS NON-ASTRONOMY QUESTION You may wager any/all of your points. Category: World Geography It’s the only city on two continents. – Istanbul, Turkey, which is spread between Europe and Asia.

16. Review Question 11 What are the letters that signify the main spectral classes, in order, starting with the hottest class? – OBAFGKM

17. Review Question 12 90% of stars are what type? – Main sequence stars.

18. Review Question 13 Stars that appear in the upper right part of an H-R Diagram are of what type? – Red giants (also acceptable: red supergiants or just plain “giants.”)

19. Review Question 14 What absolute magnitude might a star have if it is brighter than another star with magnitude 0? – Magnitude < 0 (so, a negative value).

20. Review Question 15 What two forces must be in balance to keep a star from collapsing? MUST GET BOTH (AND THEIR DIRECTIONS) FOR CREDIT – Inward: Gravity. – Outward: Fusion/gas pressure.

21. Review Question 16 BONUS NON-ASTRONOMY QUESTION You may wager any/all of your points. Category: Civics How many amendments are in the U.S. Constitution? – 27.

22. Review Question 17 When a star balances the outward force of fusion/gas pressure and the inward force of gravity, it’s known as ____ equilibrium. – hydrostatic

23. Review Question 18 Fusion is a process that combines what into what? – Hydrogen protons (4) into a helium nucleus (1).

24. Review Question 19 What is the term given for the mottled pattern on the surface of the Sun’s photosphere? – Granulation.

25. Review Question 20 On average, how long does the Sun take to rotate? – 27 days.

26. Review Question 21 BONUS NON-ASTRONOMY QUESTION You may wager any/all of your points. Category: U.S. Geography After the American Revolution, the Thirteen Colonies became the first thirteen states. Which state was fourteenth? – Vermont.

27. Review Question 22 What’s the hottest part of the Sun? – The core.

28. Review Question 23 From hottest to coolest, what are the possible colors of stars? – Blue, white (and yellow), red.

29. Review Question 24 Black holes stream material outward in jets known as active galactic nuclei. Viewed at an angle, we call them…what? – Quasars.

30. Review Question 25 How would you describe a black hole? [focus on accuracy here] – A region in space of incredible density from which light cannot escape caused by the collapse of a high-mass star.