2. Unit Objective In this unit, we are going to be examining some of the amendments that make up the Bill of Rights. We are going to pull in relevant information from real law cases and analyze how these cases relate to the Bill of Rights.

3. How many amendments make up the Bill of Rights? Amendment 1* Amendment 2* Amendment 3 Amendment 4* Amendment 5* Amendment 6* Amendment 7 Amendment 8 Amendment 9 Amendment 10 Those amendments with an * will be the ones we cover in depth…

4. 1 st Amendment substitute each underlined word “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievance.” Pass concerning Adoption by the state forbidding practice limiting Liberty to speak one’s mind News media Power Gather together urge Correction of wrongs

5. New Wording “Congress shall make no pass no law concerning an adoption by the state of religion, or forbidding the practice thereof; or limiting the liberty to speak one’s mind, or of the news media, or the power of the people peaceably gather together, and to urge the government for a correction of wrongs.”

6. Six Key Ideas in the 1 st Amendment

7. Religious Liberty The 1 st amendment has two guarantees on religious freedom #1 Prohibits “an establishment of religion” ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE *Flip chart definition* #2 Any deliberate interference by government with “The Free Exercise” of religion FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE *Flip chart definition*

8. Origins of the Religion Clauses There are three important factors which led to increased sentiment for religious freedom in America

9. #1 Colonist’s previous experience with established religion –Roman Catholic Church was dominant in most of the European counties for centuries until the Reformation which let Protestant Christianity spread until either religion became dominant –These governments tended to be discriminatory with lots of persecution –They came to America to escape persecution and even here some religions dominated and got more financial support from the states than others

10. #2 Sentiment for toleration –Toleration of religious differences was necessary for a peaceful society –Social disharmony was cause by religious conflicts

11. #3 Separation of Church and State –Seeing the problems that could be had, many people came to believe that the state should not be involved in the support of any religion

12. Religion & Education In what ways is freedom of religion limited in public school?

13. Separation of Church and State Government can support religion, but not directly promote religion Everson v. Board of Education students being bussed to parochial school with city owned busses. Found constitutional

14. #1 “release time” programs allow public schools to release students during school hours to attend religion classes

15. McCullum v. Board of Education Students being released from regular classes to attend religion classes in other classrooms in the school Found unconstitutional

16. Zorach v. Clauson Students being released from regular classes to attend religion classes in a private location Found constitutional

17. #4 ALABAMA Cant hold moment of silence for prayer meditation #5 RHODE ISLAND No prayer in graduation #6 School districts that require student led prayers before football games [can only do it privately, led by students, and voluntary] Wallace v. Jaffree 1985 Lee v. Weisman 1992 Santa Fe MD School District v. Doe 2000

18. Engel v Vitale School districts in New York were using a non-denominational prayer at the start of each day that read: Almighty god, we acknowledge our dependence upon thee, and beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, our country Found Unconstitutional

19. Stone v. Graham In Alabama, school districts were require to set aside a one-minute period of silence for meditation and prayer. Found Unconstitutional

20. Equal Access Act of 1984 Student religious groups can meet in the school on the “same terms as other student organizations” #7 Cant forbid teaching of evolution Epperson v. Arkansas 1968

21. This was put in to guarantee to each person the right to believe whatever he/she chooses to believe in matters of religion And to let them practice their religion as their faith requires

22. Use of poisonous snakes is forbidden in religious rituals Bunn v. North Carolina 1949 Upheld laws that require vaccination of school children Jacobson v. Massachusetts 1905 State that requires religious groups to have a permit to hold parade on public streets Cox v. New Hampshire 1941 Organizations that enlist children to sell religious literature must obey child labor laws Prince v. Massachusetts 1944 Federal government can draft those who have religious objections to military service Welsh v. United States 1970 Air Force can deny Orthodox Jews from wearing yarmulke on active duty Goldman v. Weinberger 1986

23. What is okay? All individuals have the right to pray whenever and wherever they please. Religious texts can be studied as literature in schools, just not sponsored.

24. Person does not have to have a license before soliciting money for a religious cause Cantwell v. Connecticut 1940 Amish children cannot be forced to attend school after 8 th grade because that sect needs a “self-sufficient agrarian lifestyle” for their faith; its threatened by exposure to modern education Wisconsin v. Yoder 1972 Animal sacrifices are allowed as part of a church service Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah 1993 People do not have to salute American flag is you see it as a violation of the Bible’s commandment against idolatry West Virginian Board of Education v. Barnette 1943

25. Reynolds v. United States Reynolds was a practicing Mormon. Mormons believe in polygamy (marrying more than one wife). He was jailed for breaking a federal law banning polygamy. Found constitutional

26. Group Activity Each student was given a specific number Read the case study that matches your number All #1s, #2, #3, #4s get together Fill out “Guide for Analyzing Cases” Someone share out from each group –Do you agree with the decision of the court?