1. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 330 CHAPTER 7 Bitmap Graphics Section A PARSONS/OJA Digital Media

2. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 332 Section A Chapter 7 Digital Media The Big Picture…  Bitmap graphics  Converts image to “off and on”  Pixels Number Edit  Changing size of image. Become pixelated. Large files  Compressing bitmap files  JPEG, GIF, PNG  Images can be viewed by web browser

3. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 332 Section A Chapter 7 Digital Media The Big Picture…  Vector graphic – consists of set of instructions for re-creating a picture  Resize better  Less storage space  Easier to edit  Not as realistic  3-D Graphic  Design, cartoon  Requires computing power

4. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 332 Section A Chapter 7 Digital Media The Big Picture…  Digital camera  Number of pixels  Type of storage  Method of transferring images to computer

5. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 332 Section A Chapter 7 Digital Media The Big Picture…  Desktop video  Series of images Compression  Transfer to computer  Editing Decent computing capabilities  Conversion from analog

6. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 332 Section A Chapter 7 Digital Media The Big Picture…  Digital sound  MP3: method of compression  MIDI: used to store music data  Speech synthesis: used to produce “spoken words”  Voice recognition software: problems

7. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 332 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Bitmap Basics: What is a bitmap graphic?  Bitmap graphic – “raster graphic”, consists of a grid of dots, and the color of each dot is stored as a binary number

8. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 332 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Where can I find bitmap graphics?  Often used to create realistic images  Cartoons in video games  3-D graphics software  Digital cameras  E-mail photos

9. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 332 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How do I create bitmap images?  Paint software – graphics software for creating bitmap graphics  Adobe Photoshop  Jasc Paint Shop Pro  Microsoft Paint

10. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 333 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Scanners and Cameras: How do I convert a printed image into a bitmap?  Scanner – converts printed pages and images into a bitmap graphic  Divides image into fine grid of cells, and assigns a digital value for the color of each cell  Values are transferred to your computer’s disk and stored as a bitmap

11. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 333 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics When should I use a digital camera rather than a scanner?  Digital camera – digitizes real objects  Takes photo in digital format, which you can then transfer directly to your computer

12. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 334 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How does a digital camera store images?  The type of memory module used by a digital camera depends on the brand and model  Flash memory – popular technology for digital camera memory modules  Holds data without consuming power

13. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 334 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How does a digital camera store images?

14. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 334-335 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How do I get the images out of the camera?  Direct cable transfer – Fire Wire ports are used to transfer data  Infrared port – cameras “beam” the data to computer’s infrared port  Memory card readers – small device connected to computer and designed to read flash cards  Floppy disk adapters – adapter shaped like a floppy with slot for a flash memory module

15. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 334-335 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How do I get the images out of the camera?

16. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 335 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Modifying Bitmap Graphics: What characteristics of a bitmap can I modify?  You can use graphics software to modify or edit bitmap graphics by changing individual pixels  Retouch  Repair  Remove red eye or erase “rabbit ears”  Bitmap graphics require large amounts of storage, and take long time to load  May not fit on a floppy disk

17. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 335 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Image Resolution: How does resolution pertain to bitmap graphics?  Resolution – dimensions of the grid that forms a bitmap graphic  Number of horizontal and vertical pixels that it contains  150 x 100 – 150 pixels across and 100 pixels high

18. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 335 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How does resolution relate to image quality?  High-resolution graphics contain more data than low-resolution  Better printouts  Megapixels – total number of pixels in a graphic

19. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 336 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How does resolution relate to the file size of a graphic?  Each pixel is stored as one or more bits  More pixels means larger file size

20. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 336 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How does resolution relate to the physical size of an image?  Bitmap has no fixed physical size  Size depends on density  Graphic retains same resolution no matter how much you stretch or shrink the graphics physical size

21. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 336 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How does resolution relate to the physical size of an image?

22. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 336 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How do I specify the size of a printed image?  Most graphics software lets you specify the size at which image is printed without changing the resolution of the bitmap graphic  Get better printout if an image meets or exceeds the printers dpi (dots per inch)

23. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 336 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How does a bitmap’s resolution relate to what I see on the screen?  Typically, one pixel corresponds to one pixel on the screen  If image is larger than screen, you will have to scroll

24. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 337 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Can I change a graphic’s file size?  Cropping – process of selecting part of an image  Resolution dependent – quality of the image depends on its resolution  Can reduce image quality  If you attempt to enlarge a bitmap, computer must add pixels  Pixel interpolation – creates new pixels by averages the colors of nearby pixels  Pixelated – undesirable bitmappy appearance

25. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 337 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Can I change a graphic’s file size?

26. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 338 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Color Depth and Palettes: What is color depth?  Color depth – is the number of colors that are available for use in an image  Larger number, better quality and larger file size

27. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 339 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How does color depth relate to file size?  True color bitmap (24-bit bitmap) – 16.7 million colors  Each pixel requires 3 bytes of storage  Color based on intensity levels or red, green, blue  8-bits red, 8-bits green, 8-bits blue (24-bits)  32-bit bitmap – 16.7 million colors plus special effects

28. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 339 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How can I reduce color depth?  Reducing color depth can reduce size of file  To reduce color depth, manipulate color palette  Color palette – digital version of artist’s palette that holds the selection of colors for use  256 colors – eight bits per pixel (1/3 size required for true color bitmap)

29. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 339 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How does a color palette work?

30. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 340 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How do I select a color palette?  Use color palette or color picker tool  Grayscale palette – displays an image using shades of gray (usually 256 shades of gray)  System palette – selection of colors used by the operating system  Windows has 20 permanent colors and 236 that can be changed  Web palette – standard set of colors used by the Internet Web browsers

31. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 341 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics So what should I do about color depth?  Bitmap graphics that you wish to print should remain in True Color format  Those sent in e-mail or posted on Web site should be reduced to 256-color palette

32. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 341 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Bitmap Graphics Formats: Are there different kinds of bitmap graphics?  BMP – native bitmap graphic file format of Microsoft Windows OS  PCX – one of original personal computer bitmap graphics file formats (8-bit – 256 color)  TIFF (Tag Image File Format) – highly flexible and platform-independent graphics file format  Supports True Color  Used by scanners and digital cameras

33. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 342 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics Are there different kinds of bitmap graphics?  JPEG – graphics format with built-in compression  You control level of compression  Uses True Color  GIF – limited to 256 colors  PNG – 48-bit True Color, compresses without losing data  Public domain format

34. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 342 Section A Chapter 7 Bitmap Graphics How do I know which graphics format to use?  Selecting the best graphics file format to use depends on what you intend to do with the image  Scanned and digital images – could be stored as JPEG or TIFF format  Images for web pages – GIF or JPEG format  Designing Windows controls – BMP format

35. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 344 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics Vector Graphics Basics: What is a vector graphic?  Vector graphic – consists of set of instructions for re-creating a picture  Instead of storing the color value for each pixel, a vector graphic file contains the instructions that the computer needs to create the shape, size, position, and color for each object in an image

36. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 344 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What is a vector graphic?

37. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 345 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics How can I identify vector graphics?  Flat, cartoon-like quality  Filename extension .wmf .dxt .mgx .eps .pict .cgm

38. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 345 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What are the advantages and disadvantages of vector graphics?

39. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 345-346 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What are the advantages and disadvantages of vector graphics?  Vectors resize better than bitmaps  Vector images usually require less storage space than bitmaps  It is easier to edit an object in a vector graphic than an object in bitmap graphic  Vector graphics tend not to produce images that are as realistic as bitmap images

40. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 346 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What are the advantages and disadvantages of vector graphics?

41. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 346-347 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What tools do I need to create vector graphics?  Drawing software – vector graphics software  Helps you easily edit individual objects by changing their sizes, shapes, positions or colors

42. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 348 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What tools do I need to create vector graphics?  Gradient – smooth blending of shades from one color to another, or from light to dark  Metafiles – graphics that contain both bitmap and vector data  Apply bitmap texture to vector graphic

43. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 348 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What tools do I need to create vector graphics?

44. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 348 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics Vector-to-Bitmap Conversion: Is it possible to convert a vector graphic into a bitmap?  Rasterization – works by superimposing a grid over a vector image, and determining the color for each pixel  Once converted, the resulting graphic no longer has the qualities of a vector graphic

45. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 348 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics How about converting a bitmap graphic into a vector?  Tracing software – locates the edges of objects in a bitmap image and converts the resulting shapes into vector graphics objects

46. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 349 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics Vector Graphics on the Web: Do vector graphics work on the Web?  Browsers support a limited number of graphics formats – Gif and Jpeg  Support for vector graphics has been slow, but plug-ins and players are currently available

47. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 349 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics Which vector graphics formats can be used on the Web?  SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) – designed for the Web  Automatically resized when displayed on different screens  Uses tag  Flash graphics – can be static or animated and require less space than SVG graphics, but require a browser plug-in to be viewed

48. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 349 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What are the advantages of using vector graphics on the Web?  Vector graphics appear with same consistent quality on all computer screens  Any text contained in a vector image is stored as actual text, not just a series of colored dots  Vector graphics on the Web have compact file sizes

49. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 350 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics How do vector graphics relate to 3-D graphics?

50. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 350 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics How do vector graphics relate to 3-D graphics?

51. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 351 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What do I need to work with 3-D graphics?  3-D graphics software  AutoCad, Caligari truSpace  High-end workstations  500 MHz Pentium or Macintosh G3 or better  High-resolution monitor  Graphics card with lots of memory

52. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 351 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics What do I need to work with 3-D graphics? Click to start

53. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 351-352 Section B Chapter 7 Vector and 3-D Graphics Is it possible to animate 3-D graphics?  3-D graphics can be animated to produce special effects for movies, or create interactive, animated characters and environments for 3-D computer games  Pixar Animation Studios  DreamWorks  Special effects can be created and incorporated into final footage  3-D computer game animation happens in “real- time”

54. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 353 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video Desktop Video Basics: What is desktop video?  Desktop video – videos that are constructed and played using a personal computer  Stored on hard disks, CDs, DVDs, videotapes, or the Web  Not quite like standard of DVD movies, but suitable for variety of personal and professional uses

55. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 353 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How do computers store video data?  Video is composed of a series of frames  Each frame is essentially a still picture (can be stored as bitmap graphic)  Frame rate – number of frames per second  Feature films – 24 fps (frames per second)  Desktop video – 15 fps

56. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 353 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How do I equip my computer to play desktop videos?  Most computers equipped for viewing videos; however, video playback quality can vary  Depends on  Microprocessor  RAM capacity  Capabilities of graphic card  For web, Internet connection speed is also issue

57. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 354 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How do I equip my computer to play desktop videos?  For Internet also need  Player – Quicktime, Windows MediaPlayer Click to start

58. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 354 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video What file formats are most popular for desktop videos?  Several file formats are popular for desktop videos  AVI  QuickTime  MPEG  RealMedia  ASF

59. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 355 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video Can I create my own desktop videos?  The basic process consists of following steps  Shoot the video footage  Transfer the footage to your computer’s hard disk  Edit the video and soundtrack  Output the video in its final format by selecting frame rate, window size, file format, and compression levels

60. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 355 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video Video Cameras: Is it necessary to use a digital camera to capture footage for desktop video?  You can use analog or digital video camera to shoot footage  Digital video camera – stores footage as a series of bits  Analog video camera – normal video camera  Video signal stored as continuous track of magnetic patterns  Must be digitized  Videoconferencing cameras – attach to computer

61. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 355 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video Is it necessary to use a digital camera to capture footage for desktop video?

62. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 356 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video What are the advantages of a digital video camera?  Captures video data in digital format which can then be directly transferred to a computer for editing  Produce higher quality video than analog or videoconferencing cameras  Images tend to be sharper and more colorful  Higher quality of original video, the better the final video will look

63. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 356 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video What are the advantages of a digital video camera?

64. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 356 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video Does desktop video require special filming techniques?  When processed and stored, some of image data is eliminated to reduce the video file to a manageable size  To produce good quality video  Use a tripod to maintain a steady image  Move the camera slowly  Zoom in and out slowly  Direct your subjects to move slowly  Position your shot well  Ask the subjects of your video to wear solid colored clothing

65. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 356 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video Video Transfer and Storage: Why is it necessary to transfer footage from my camera to my computer?  In order to digitally edit, process, and store a desktop video, you must transfer the video footage from your camera to your computer

66. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 356-357 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How do I transfer video footage to my computer?  Basic method for transferring video footage is to send the data over a cable that connects your camera to your computer  Equipment depends on your camera and your computer  Video capture device – converts analog camera signal into digital data

67. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 357 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How do I transfer video footage to my computer?

68. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 357 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How do I transfer video footage to my computer?

69. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 357 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How do I transfer video footage to my computer?  Video capture software – allows you to start and stop the transfer, and select the display size, frame rate, filename, and file format for your video footage

70. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 358-359 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How does video footage become a desktop video?  After editing, video editing software combines data from all of the video and audio files that you selected into a single file as a desktop video  Select file format, QuickTime or AVI  A full-screen True Color image at 1,024x768 resolution requires 2,359,296 bytes; with 24 fps, requires 56,623,104 bytes  10 minutes requires almost 34 GB of storage space  To shrink, decrease size of window, number of frames, and select a compression technique

71. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 359 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How does video footage become a desktop video?  To reduce size  Decrease the size of the video window  Reduce the frame rate  Compress the video data Codec (compressor/decompressor) – software that compresses a file when a desktop video is created and decompresses the file when video is played  MPEG, Indeo, Cinepak, DivX, Video 1

72. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 360 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video Which compression technique should I use?  The ultimate goal is to store a high-quality video image in a small file  Difficult to predict the result of compression  Codec used to compress must be used to decompress the video when it is played  Missing codecs account for high proportion of desktop video glitches

73. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 360 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video Which compression technique should I use?

74. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 361 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video Web-based Video: How do Web-based videos work?  Streaming video – sends small segment of the video to your computer and begins to play it  Web server sends next part of the file to your computer, and so on, until the video ends

75. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 362 Section C Chapter 7 Desktop Video How does Internet connection speed affect Web videos?  Dial-up connections are slow  Typical 56 Kbps connection reach speeds of only 44 Kbps Video to play At 15 fps, with 256 colors, 357 bytes per frame; playing in a window of 15 by 11 pixels (1/6 of an inch wide)  High-speed Internet connections provide much more bandwidth for streaming video  Most Web sites provide one video file that’s optimized for dial-up and one optimized for high- speed (DSL, cable, and ISDN connections)

76. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 364 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound Waveform Audio: What is waveform audio?  Waveform audio is a digital representation of sound.  Music, voice, and sound effects can all be recorded as waveforms

77. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 365 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound Does sampling rate affect sound quality?  Sampling rate – refers to number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process  Expressed in hertz (Hz)  Audio CDs have sampling rate of 44.1 KHz  Stereo effects, requires 32 bits of storage space for each sample  Floppy, stores only eight seconds of music  45 minutes of music – 475 MB  To conserve space, reduce sampling rate

78. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 365 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound Does sampling rate affect sound quality?

79. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 365 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound How does a computer produce waveform audio?  Sound card – contains a variety of input and output jacks, plus audio-processing circuitry  Plugs into a PCI expansion slot inside the system unit

80. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 366 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound How does a computer produce waveform audio?  Digital signal processor – performs three important tasks  Transforms digital bits into analog waves  Transforms analog waves into digital bits  Handles compression and decompression, if necessary

81. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 366 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound How can I recognize a waveform audio file?  Recognize a waveform audio file by its extension  Wave (.wav) – created by Windows  Audio Interchange Format (.aif) – created by Apple  RealAudio (.ra) – proprietary format created by RealNetworks  MP3 (.mp3) – MPEG format, popularized by Napster

82. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 366 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound How can I recognize a waveform audio file?

83. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 367 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound What type of software is required to record and play waveform audio files?  Audio software comes in many flavors  To play, you must use an audio player  Microsoft Media Player  To record, you may need another software component  Microsoft Sound Recorder software  Software may be part of your operating system or purchased separately

84. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 367 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound What’s the story with MP3?  MP3 is a compressed waveform audio format that stores digitized music, vocals, and narration in such a way that the sound quality is good, but file size remains relatively small  CD ripper – grabs tracks from audio CD  MP3 encoder – converts Wave file into MP3 format  MP3 files can be stored anywhere or relocated to a portable MP3 player

85. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 367 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound What’s the story with MP3?

86. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 368 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound MIDI Music: What is MIDI music?  Synthesized sound – artificially created sound  MIDI or synthesized speech  MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) – specifies standard way to store music data  MIDI sequence – encoded music stored as.mid,.cmf, or.rol  Most sound cards are equipped to capture data from a MIDI instrument  Wavetable – set of pre-recorded musical instrument sounds

87. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 368 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound What is MIDI music?

88. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 369 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound When would I use MIDI music?  MIDI is a good choice for adding background music to multimedia projects and Web pages   Embed tags are placed within an HTML document  MIDI software can be used to compose your own tunes or get permission to use MIDI file that you find on the Web

89. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 369 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound Speech Recognition and Synthesis: What’s the difference between speech synthesis and speech recognition?  Speech synthesis – process by which machines produce sound that resembles spoken words  Speech recognition (or “voice recognition”) – ability of machine to “understand” spoken words

90. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 369-370 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound How does speech synthesis work?  Phonemes – basic sound units strung together by speech synthesizers  Text-to-speech software – generates sounds that are played through your computer’s standard sound card  Speech synthesis is a key technology in wireless communication

91. Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 370 Section D Chapter 7 Digital Sound How does speech recognition work?  Speech recognition software – analyzes the sounds of your voice and converts them to phonemes  Next, the software analyzes the content of your speech; it compares the phonemes to the words in a digital dictionary  Speech recognition software can be integrated with word processing software so that you can enter text by speaking into a microphone