1. 5.1 Organizing the Elements In a video store, movies are in categories such as Action or Comedy. When scientists organized the elements, they had to decide what categories to use and where to place each element. An organized table of the elements is one of the most useful tools in chemistry.

2. 5.1 Organizing the Elements Mendeleev’s Proposal In the 1860s, Dmitri Mendeleev developed an approach for organizing the elements while playing the card game solitaire. In this game, the player sorts a deck of cards by suit and value. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

3. 5.1 Organizing the Elements Mendeleev made a “deck of cards” of the elements, listing an element’s name, mass, and properties on each card. When Mendeleev lined up the cards in order of increasing mass, a pattern emerged. The key was to break the elements into rows. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

4. 5.1 Organizing the Elements Mendeleev named missing elements after elements in the same group. He gave the name eka-aluminum to the missing element one space below aluminum in the table. Mendeleev predicted that eka-aluminum would be a soft metal, have a low melting point, and have a density of 5.9 g/cm 3. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

5. 5.1 Organizing the Elements In 1875, a French chemist discovered a new element. He named the element gallium (Ga) in honor of France. (The Latin name for France is Gallia.) Gallium is a soft metal, has a melting point of 29.7°C, and has a density of 5.91 g/cm 3. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

6. 5.1 Organizing the Elements Heat from a person's hand can melt gallium. In some traffic signals, there are tiny light emitting diodes (LEDs) that contain a compound of gallium. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

7. 5.1 Organizing the Elements Assessment Questions 1.In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements with similar properties were grouped a.in the same row. b.in the same column. c.in diagonal lines that run from top left to the bottom right. d.in pairs of two.

8. 5.1 Organizing the Elements Assessment Questions 1.In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements with similar properties were grouped a.in the same row. b.in the same column. c.in diagonal lines that run from top left to the bottom right. d.in pairs of two. ANS:B

9. 5.1 Organizing the Elements Assessment Questions 2.For which element did Mendeleev correctly predict the properties even before it had been discovered? a.gallium b.hydrogen c.bromine d.aluminum

10. 5.1 Organizing the Elements Assessment Questions 2.For which element did Mendeleev correctly predict the properties even before it had been discovered? a.gallium b.hydrogen c.bromine d.aluminum ANS:A