1. Obchodní akademie, Ostrava-Poruba, příspěvková organizace Vzdělávací materiál/DUM VY_32-INOVACE_05C/5 Great Britain / National Economy Autor Mgr. Jana Kondeková Období vytvoření Srpen 2013 Ročník/věková kategorie 4. ročník / 18-19 let Vyučovací předmět/klíčová slova Great Britain / National Economy Anotace Práce slouží k procvičení reálií s tématikou Great Britain jako příprava k maturitní zkoušce.

2. Great Britain Part Five National Economy of Great Britain

3. National Economy General Characteristics Industry ( energy, mining, construction, manufacturing ) Industrial Areas Agriculture Fisheries Forestry Trade Transport

4. General Characteristics Britain was the first country in the world to become highly industrialized. Since the end of the 19th century, when it lost her position as a workshop of the world, it has had to face growing industrial competition from Europe and North America. It has remained one of the main manufacturing countries. No other country has such a small proportion of its working population engaged in agriculture Britain provides from its own soil about 60 per cent of the food it needs. The rest must be imported.

5. Industry The old-established British industries are those which developed during the Industrial Revolution: coal, textiles, iron and steel, shipbuilding and the older branches of engineering (textile machinery, engines and locomotive) New industries developed in the 20th century: the vehicles, electrical, chemical and aircraft industries. Production industries include: the energy industries, mining, construction, manufacturing.

6. Energy The main primary sources of energy used in Britain are petroleum, coal, natural gas and nuclear power. Secondary sources produced from these are electricity, town gas and coke. Electricity: most of Britain´s electricity is produced in conventional thermal stations (coal-fired or oil-fired). The rest is generated from nuclear energy and water power. The first nuclear power station at Calder Hill (in Cumbria) started operating in 1956 and since then many others have been built.

7. Calder Hall Quick Facts: Construction of Calder Hall was ordered by Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1953. The first block was connected to the grid on 27 Aug 1956 and the plant was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 17 Oct 1956. The plant was retired in Mar 2003 Location: Cumbria The first nuclear power station. Nuclear Power Plants in the UK - England. http://www.industcards.com/nuclear- uk.htm (accessed Aug 06, 2013).http://www.industcards.com/nuclear- uk.htm

8. Mining Mining in the UK produces a wide variety of fossil fuels, metals, and industrial minerals. In 2006, there were over 2,200 active mines, quarries, and offshore drilling sites on the continental land The United Kingdom has a rich history of mining. There is evidence that mining took place inWales during the Bronze Age, in approximately 2200-850 BC. Metalworking debris found beneath the ramparts at Beeston Castle located in Beeston,Cheshire, England is the evidence of bronze production during the Bronze Agemass of the United Kingdom.

9. British Coalfields in the 19th Century List of coalfields. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coalfields (accessed Aug 06, 2013).http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coalfields

10. Construction The construction industry includes firms engaged on the construction, repair of buildings, highways, airfields, docks. The majority of firms are small or medium sized. Many of the firms engaged in in such trades as house painting and plumbing are one-man businesses. At the end of the scale there are some big firms of building and civil engineering constractors. Some firms offer a package service (complete responsibility for projects from design to the finished building).

11. Manufacturing Manufacturing industries include the following industry groups: 1, Food, drink and tobacco (grain-milling and bakery products, cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionary, fruit and vegetable production, meat and fish products, beer, spirits and soft drinks ). 2, Chemicals and allied industies (pharmaceuticals, plastic materials, fertilizers and crop protection products, paints, toilet preparations, soap and detergents). 3, Metal manufacturing (iron and steel industry). 4, Mechanical engineering (all types of machinery, machine tools, lifts and escalators,…). 5, Instrument engineering (scientific and industrial instruments and appliances, watches, clocks).

12. Manufacturing 6, Electrical and electronic engineering (a wide variaty of equipment ranging from generators, turbines and motors to hair-thin optical fibres for use in telecommunications). 7, Shipbuilding and marine engineering (the industry builds all types of ships). 8, Vehicles and aircraft (motor vehicles – cars, commercial vehicles and tractors, motorcycles and cycles). 9, Metal products (hand tools, domestic utensils). 10, Textiles (man-made fibres, wool, cotton)-. 11, Leather goods and fur. 12, Clothing and Footwear.

13. Your Cosmetic Beauty Routine Equals to 500 Chemicals on Your Body Every Day! Your cosmetic beauty routine equals to 500 chemicals on your body every day! ANI June 13, 2013 at 10:23 am. http://www.thehealthsite.com/beauty/your-cosmetic-beauty- routine-equals-to-500-chemicals-on-your-body-every-day/ (accessed Aug 06, 2013).http://www.thehealthsite.com/beauty/your-cosmetic-beauty- routine-equals-to-500-chemicals-on-your-body-every-day/

14. Industrial Areas The main areas of industrial concentration are the following: Yorkshire, with the towns of Sheffield, Doncaster, Scunthorpe, Bradford and Grimsby. Yorkshire's rivals Lancashire, with the towns of Lancaster, Manchester and Preston. South Walof London and Glasgow have also made es, with the towns of Cardiff, Swansea and Port Talbot - the latter being known almost entirely for its steelworks.

15. The Sheffield Steel Industry The Sheffield Steel Industry. http://www.sheffieldindexers.com/SheffieldSteelWorks.html (accessed Aug 06, 2013). http://www.sheffieldindexers.com/SheffieldSteelWorks.html

16. Agriculture During the Industrial Revolution Britain became dependent fot its food supply on imported agricultural produce. It became more profitable to import from overseas, mainly from Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Agriculture occupies less than 2 per cent of the population in civil employment and provides 2 per cent of the gross national product. It uses 80 per cent of the land area of the UK. British farming is based on livestock enterprises. Agricultural products : cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish

17. A New Agricultural Revolution Began After the Second World War a new agricultural revolution began. Driven by agrochemicals, mechanisation and government support, production rose and for a short period overlooked the long run requirements for the balanced management of the countryside. This led to much soul searching as to the role of agriculture with calls for it to act with greater environmental responsibility. But just as the debate between food production and the environment was beginning to settle, the challenge of global warming emerged. A new role for agriculture is developing with energy production and carbon absorption perhaps, the story of the forthcoming century

18. Agricultural Parts of Britain Some parts of Britain have excellent soil for crops, while others are used for cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. In the north-west of England, Wales and Scotland, farmers keep cattle and sheep. Sheep can survive the cold winters on the hills and moors. In the south-west of England, the rich grass is ideal for feeding dairy cows. In the south-east of England and the lowlands of Scotland, grain, potatoes and sugar beet are grown. In the east of England (East Anglia), wheat, barley and vegetables grow in enormous fields

19. Fisheries The fishing industry falls into three main divisions: 1, white fish 2, herring 3, shellfish Important English seafishing ports include: Brixham Fleetwood – home of the Fisherman's Friend Grimsby – once the largest fishing port in the world Lowestoft Newlyn Whitby

20. Forestry Of the 23,000 square kilometres of forest in Britain, around 40% is publicly owned and 60% is in the private sector. More than 40,000 people work on the land Britain's native tree flora comprises 32 species, of which 29 are broadleaves. Britain's industry and populace uses at least 50 million tonnes of timber a year. More than 75% of this is softwood, and Britain's forests cannot supply the demand; in fact, less than 10% of the timber used in Britain is home-grown. Paper and paper products make up more than half the wood consumed in Britain by volume. [7 [7

21. England´s Community Forests England´s Community Forests. http://www.communityforest.org.uk/yourlocalforest.htm (accessed Aug 06, 2013).www.communityforest.org.uk/yourlocalforest.htm

22. Trade Britain is among the world´s largest importers of foodftuffs, metals and ores, textile raw materials. Imports of manufactures and semi-manufactures increased since the 1960s. Most of Britain´s exports consist of manufactured goods. Britain is a major supplier of machinery, vehicles, aircraft, electrical equipment, scientific instruments, chemicals and textiles.

23. Transport - Shipping - Railways - Road Transport - London Transport (tube, buses) - Civil Aviation (the main airports are in London – Heathrow, Gatwick)

24. Biography SHEERIN, S. Spotlight on Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. ISBN 0194327884. VESELÝ, K. The English Speaking Countries. SPN, 1983.

25. The End of Part Five Thank You for Your Attention. Mgr. Jana Kondeková jana.kondekova@oa-poruba.cz