1. Carlos Spector Texas AILA Conference April 24-26, 2014 Dallas, TX
Reviving “Extortion Plus”: An Alternative Paradigm for Analyzing Mexican Asylum Claims
Carlos Spector
Texas AILA Conference
April 24-26, 2014
Dallas, TX

2. Intentional Ineffectual Government (Authorized Crime)
Proponents of the [term] neopoliciaco view the student massacre at Tlateloco and the Mexican government’s subsequent mismanagement of justice as the turning point in the importance of social criticism in the detective novel… The importance of the 1968 student massacre to the development of the neopoliciaco explains an important message repeated in many plots in the genre, namely, that the State is the perpetrator of violence against its citizens, or functions as the ignorant accomplice to such crimes by failing to enforce laws and thereby dissuade criminal activity.

3. Intentional Ineffectual Government (Authorized Crime)
The advantage of citizenship is found in the government’s ability to protects its citizens from harm. States that are incapable of guaranteeing this protection open the floodgates of chaos (Rotker 17). This chaos is exactly what Aridjis describes in his novel: a society in collapse from an intentionally ineffectual government.
(Brooks Sakas, Karliana. “Apocalypse as Catalyst of Hope for a New World in Homero Aridjis’ La leyenda de los soles.” Revista de literatura mexicana contemporanea. Num. 59, Yr. 19. (Pp ).)

4. U.S. Department of Justice Executive Office for Immigration Review Office of Planning, Analysis and Technology Immigration Courts Asylum Statistics Fiscal Years FY
Received
Granted
Denied
Abandoned
Withdrawn
Other
2009
30,112
8,800
9,876
3,248
6,450
6,927
2010
32,810
8,518
8,335
1,646
6,275
7,527
2011
42,664
10,137
9,280
1,430
5,137
5,291
2012
44,296
10,711
8,502
1,296
5,357
8,021
2013
36,674
9,933
8,823
1,439
6,400
11,391

5. U.S. Department of Justice Executive Office for Immigration Review Office of Planning, Analysis and Technology Immigration Courts Asylum Statistics for Mexico Fiscal Years FY
Received
Granted
Denied
Abandoned
Withdrawn
Other
2009
2490 56
336
630
1555
2010
3996 38
477
166
1447
410
2011
7425 92
1010
117
1312
387
2012
10542
113
1306
132
1735
1382
2013
8569
155
1566
201
2636
3008

6. Extortion
In law, unlawful demanding or receiving by an officer, in his official capacity, of any property or money not legally due to him. Examples include requesting and accepting fees in excess of those allowed to him by statute or arresting a person and, with corrupt motives, demanding money or property unlawfully under pretense of duty. The taking of money or property is generally an essential element of the crime.
(The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Edition)

7. Extortion
In most states of the United States, extortion is more widely defined to include the obtaining of money or property of another by inducing his consent through wrongful use of fear, force or authority of office; BLACKMAIL, RANSOM, and THREAT of force are included under this definition.
(The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Edition)

8. Specific Act of Perceived Resistance Symbolic Violent Reaction
Case Studies
Criminal extortion
Conduct
Specific Act of Perceived Resistance
Authorized Crime
Symbolic Violent Reaction
Holguin transportation company extorted in Juarez, Chih. (2008)
Refusal to pay bribes, Report to police/human rights org
Public Denunciation
Union members and officers denounced extortion and called for state-wide strike; filed police reports; post-entry public denunciation as Mexicans in Exile
La Linea accused, not arrested; extortion continues
Buses burned; son murdered in restaurant
Porras family dairy farm extorted in Villa Ahumada, Chih (2012)
Refused to pay bribes
Refusal to pay bribes, public denunciation
Town controlled by La Linea (Mayor of town colludes with Chief of Police, who is 1st cousin and convicted murderer in U.S.)
Father murdered, son murdered next day at grave site
Gutierrez extorted by criminal elements in Chihuahua, Chihuahua (2011)
Refused to pay bribe, Public denunciation
Refused to pay bribe, post entry Pedaling for Justice campaign to denounce crime
To date no arrests
Legs amputated
Chaidez family extorted in Juarez (body shop owners) (2009)
Refusal
Refused to work for cartels
Sinaloa cartel assaults La Linea in Juarez, La Linea begins aggressive campaign of extortion to make up for loss of revenue
11 family members murdered

9. Case of Holguin Family

10. Case of Porras Family

11. Case of Carlos Gutierrez

12. Case of Christian Chaidez

13. Case of Christian Chaidez
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