2. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries1 Exchange Points, Route Servers and Registries Abha Ahuja ahuja@wibh.net

3. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries2 Objectives zTo be able to explain what is an exchange point zTo be able to explain why people use XPs zTo understand why XPs are important zTo review some current XP designs used today zTo think about how to set up an exchange point in your environment zTo understand why Route Servers are useful zTo be able to explain what routing registries do and why you should use one

4. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries3 Introduction to Exchange Points zA bit of history zWhat are they? zWhy use them?

5. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries4 A Bit of History… zEnd of NSFnet - one major backbone zmove towards commercial Internet yprivate companies selling their bandwidth zneed for coordination of routing exchange between providers yTraffic from ISP A needs to get to ISP B zRouting Arbiter project created to facilitate this

6. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries5 What is an Exchange Point? zNetwork Access Points (NAPs) established at end of NSFnet yoriginal “exchange points” zMajor providers connect their networks and exchange traffic zHigh-speed network or switch zSimple concept - anyplace where providers come together to exchange traffic

7. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries6 Exchange points ISPs connect at Exchange Points or Network Access Points to exchange traffic XP 1 XP 2 ISP A ISP B

8. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries7 Conceptual Diagram of XP Customer Router Exchange Point Medium

9. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries8 Why use an Exchange Point? zRouters are attached to exchange traffic zMLPA, bilateral, customer/transit relationships zExamples in U.S: yAADS yMae-East/Mae-West yPacbell yPAIX

10. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries9 Why XPs? zMultiple service providers zEach with Internet connectivity Internet A B

11. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries10 Why XPs? zIs not cost effective zBackhaul issue causes cost to both parties Internet A B

12. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries11 Why XPs? zDomestic Interconnection Internet A B

13. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries12 Exchange Structures ylayer 2 models (the NAP or IX) xtailored bilateral policies

14. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries13 Why use an Exchange Point? zPeering yShared medium vs. point-to-point yShared xcan exchange traffic with multiple peers at one location via one interface yPoint-to-Point xfor high volumes of traffic

15. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries14 Why use an Exchange Point? zKEEP LOCAL TRAFFIC LOCAL!!! yISPs within a region peer with each other at local exchange yNo need to have traffic go overseas only to come back

16. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries15 The Need for Exchanges AS 2 AS 1 US AFRICA

17. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries16 The Need for Exchanges AS 2 AS 1 US AFRICA z Keep Local Traffic Local!

18. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries17 Exchange Point Design zEthernet zFDDI zATM zDesigns range from the simple to the complex yFddi gigaswitches to ethernet switches (or hubs!)

19. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries18 When can an XP be a bad thing? zToo many exchange points in one region ycompeting exchanges defeats the purpose zBecomes expensive for ISPs to connect to all of them

20. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries19 Exchange Point policies/politics zAUPs yacceptable use policy yrules for connection zFees? zNobody is obliged to peer zDon’t spoof

21. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries20 Exchange Point etiquette zDon’t point default zThird-party next-hop zFilter! Filter! Filter! yOr do reverse path check

22. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries21 Exchange Point examples zPacbell in California, USA ytrunked (geographically diverse) ATM switches zPAIX in Palo Alto, California, USA yFddi gigaswitches zSIX in Seattle yEthernet hub in someone’s machine room zJINX in Johannesburg yEthernet switch in ISP association colocation facility

23. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries22 Exchange Point examples zLINX in London, UK yEthernet switches zAMS-IX in Amsterdam yEthernet switches zNSPIXP-2 in Tokyo, Japan yEthernet switches

24. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries23 Features of XPs zRedundancy ymultiple switches zsupport yNOC to provide 24x7 support for problems at the exchange zDNS, Routing Registries, NTP servers yservers often colocated at these centralized points

25. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries24 Features of XPs zlocation yneutral colocation facilities zaddress space zAS zRoute servers zstatistics

26. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries25 More info about IXs zhttp://www.ep.net yexcellent resources about ip address allocation for exchanges, locations of XPs in the world, AUPs and other policies zhttp://www.rsng.net yroute server and statistics resource

27. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries26 Sample XPs zSIX zMAE-LA zLINX zHKIX

28. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries27 Things to think about... zDo you need to be at an Exchange Point? zWould you want to start an Exchange Point? zWould keeping local traffic local benefit your ISP? zWould your environment (politically, etc.) support an Exchange Point?

29. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries28 Discussion zHow would you build an exchange point in your environment? zWho would connect? zWhat services would you provide? zWhat policies would you enforce? zWhat does your environment look like? yIs it feasible to set up an XP?

30. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries29 Important to Remember... zExchange Points can be as simple as a HUB!!!! zKeeping local traffic local yimproves performance ycheaper yoften simple to do!

31. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries30 Exercise - The Benefits of Exchange Points

32. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries31 C A B G D F E AS 100 AS 400 AS 1 AS 200AS 1200 AS 1300 AS 300AS 1100 AS 2 BGP to provider

33. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries32 A B G CD F E 80.248.70.0/28 80.248.70.128/28 80.248.70.144/28 80.248.70.208/28 80.248.70.192/28 80.248.70.160/2880.248.70.176/28 80.248.70.224/28 SWITCH Ethernet to IXP

34. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries33 Route Server Background zWhat is a Route Server? zFeatures of a Route Server zAdvantages of using a Route Server zExchange Point Design with a Route Server

35. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries34 What is a Route Server? zUnix box which runs Route Server software zExchanges routing information with service provider routers at a NAP based on policy zDoes not forward packets

36. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries35 Route Server at an XP NAP R3R2 R1 ROUTE SERVER

37. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries36 Features of a Route Server zScalable Routing zSimplified Routing Processes on ISP Routers zInsertion of RS Autonomous System Number in the Routing Path

38. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries37 Features of a Route Server (con) zHandling of Multi-Exit Discriminator zRoute Flap Dampening Mechanism zUses Policy registered in IRR

39. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries38 Diagram of N-squared Mesh

40. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries39 With the Route Servers

41. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries40 RS Exchange Point Routing Flow TRAFFIC FLOW ROUTING INFORMATION FLOW

42. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries41 Advantages of Using a Route Server zScalable Routing zSeparation of Routing and Forwarding zSimplify Routing Configuration Management on ISPs routers zEnforce Good Routing Engineering

43. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries42 Advantages of Using a Route Server (con)  PREVENTS SPREAD OF BOGUS ROUTING INFORMATION!

44. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries43 Peering with the Route Servers zAny ISP attached to a NAP can peer with the Route Servers zISP must register their policy in the Internet Routing Registry zMust use BGP

45. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries44 RSd zRoute Server Daemon zOriginally developed by ISI during RA project zDeveloped from GateD zMulti-view zeBGP only zUses import-from only

46. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries45 Things to think about... zHow would using a route server benefit you? zConsider setting one up yourself for your community, or talk to Merit...

47. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries46 Route Server References zhttp://www.rsng.net zhttp://www.merit.edu/ipma zhttp://www.isi.edu/ra

48. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries47 What is the Routing Registry? ycontact names, email addresses and telephone numbers for an AS yrouting policy for an AS (what other ASes does it connect to, which routes do they exchange) yinformation about routes (most important is which AS originates the route) yseveral other types of information

49. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries48 What is the Routing Registry? zDistributed database collectively known as Internet Routing Registry (IRR) yRADB, RIPE, CW, ANS, Canet yhttp://www.irr.net/docs/list.html zProviders register routing policy zUsed for planning, debugging and generating backbone router configs zhttp://www.radb.net/

50. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries49 What is the Routing Registry? zCan be used by anyone worldwide ydebugging yconfiguring yengineering routing yaddressing

51. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries50 What happens if I don’t use a database? zRouting Horror Stories yAS7007 yannouncing bogus routes

52. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries51 So, I need to use the database because….. zFilters generated off the IRR protect against inaccurate routing information zMakes troubleshooting and debugging easier zKeep track of policy zSecurity zFilter! Filter! Filter!!

53. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries52 Why Bother with all of this? zView of global routing policy in a single cooperatively maintained database zto improve integrity of Internet’s routing zgenerate router configs yprotect against inaccurate routing info distribution yverification of Internet routing

54. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries53 Why Bother using the database (con) zMany providers require that you register your policy (or they won’t peer with you)

55. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries54 Describing Policy zUse the policy languages to describe your relationship with other Peers yroutes importing yroutes exporting yspecific policies xinterfaces, MEDs, communities zregister routes ywith origin AS

56. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries55 Querying the Database zwhois -h whois.radb.net AS237 zwhois -h whois.radb.net MAINT-AS237 zwhois -h whois.radb.net 198.108.60.0

57. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries56 How to Register your IRR policy zRegister one or more maintainers zRegister AS and policy information zRegister Routes zDescribes your import and export policy yAt the very least, provides contact information

58. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries57 Router Configuration zCurrently configs by hand - slow and inaccurate zConfiguring routers using the IRR ylots of tools available!!! yRtConfig by ISI xroute and Aspath filters. xImport and export zFiltering is a good thing...

59. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries58 Router Configuration zCurrently configs by hand - slow and inaccurate zConfiguring routers using the IRR ylots of tools available!!! zFiltering is a good thing... zPlans for some routers to support RPSL directly

60. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries59 Router Configuration

61. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries60 How do I use the IRR to generate configs? zTools available to generate config files ygated yrsd yCisco zRAToolSet yhttp://www.isi.edu/ra/RAToolSet yRtConfig yAoe, Roe

62. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries61 How do I participate? zSet up your own registry yPrivate for your ISP? yCommunity for the region? yDownload the software (IRRd) zUse the RADB

63. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries62 Specifics zRegister your policy in the RADB yMerit can assist (db-admin@radb.net) zQuestions? Need help? yirrd-support@merit.edu ydb-admin@radb.net

64. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries63 Things to think about... zHow would you register your policy? yTry to describe it in an aut-num object zHow would registering your policy benefit you? The community?

65. Exchange Points, Route Servers and Routing Registries64 Resources zhttp://www.radb.net zhttp://www.irrd.net zhttp://www.isi.edu/ra/rps zhttp://www.isi.edu/ra/RAToolSet zhttp://www.ietf.org/html.charters/rps- charter.html zhttp://www.rsng.net zhttp://www.ripe.net