1. Ch. 30 – 2 notes

2. Women replaced men in factories & fields during war NAWSA defended war; shape democracy home and abroad Led to 19th Amend. Food Administration -- Herbert Hoover—used propaganda, voluntary for citizens; “Meatless Tuesdays”; “victory gardens”- Fuel Ad. – save fuel, daylight savings Treasury Dept. sold liberty bonds—brought in 2/3rds of the war costs ($21B) – the rest taxes War Industries Board – gov’t controlled quotas, raw materials and prices for businesses Gov’t controlled RR To aid manpower, a conscriptions (draft) was passed w/ much debate in Congress U.S. army grew to 4 million men including Af. Am who served in segregated units with a majority of their efforts in manual labor such as unloading ships women allowed to join armed forces unprepared “doughboys” had little training before going“over there”—under John J. Pershing

3. The US fought in France, Belgium and Russia—against communists’ wishes The US entered war (May 1918) as Ger. was 40 miles from Paris to stop their advance The US demoralized the Germans war effort—Alvin York Germany declared armistice at 11:00 a.m. on Nov. 11, 1918 US biggest contributions – materials, spirit, credit, potential soldiers -- not military victories Wilson adored in Europe He went to Europe for the peace conference without bringing a single Republican w/ him Senators led by Henry Cabot Lodge (Rep. and Leader of Foreign Relations) would contest Wilson’s 14 points—the two men were fierce competitors both personally and professionally The Big 4 met in Paris in Jan. 1919—14 Points was highlighted by the League of Nations —met w/ much resistance; Allied wanted revenge Skeptical, the old powers agreed to his League of Nations

4. Wilson returned home to find enough Republican Senators willing to defeat the Treaty in its current form After going back to Paris to finalize the Treaty, his second trip home in Jun 1919 was met w/ fierce resistance to the League Wilson went on a speaking tour throughout the US to get support for the League of Nations to prevent future wars; just as he was gaining support he collapsed on the tour and suffered a brutal stroke paralyzing half of his body Lodge then came up w/ 14 formal changes to Wilson’s 14 points before the Senate would approve Lodge hated Article X which would bind the US into external aggression – not Congressional approval; Wilson urged Dem. to not vote for treaty w/ Lodge’s reservations (2X) Wilson hoped the 1920 election would give treaty popular support Yet Republican isolationism gave Warren G. Harding the victory