1. MIGRATION DIGITAL BROADCASTING INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
FROM ANALOGUE TO
DIGITAL BROADCASTING
IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION
Regional Workshop Hanoi: 22 May 2011 Strengthening Digital Broadcasting Experience
Colin J Knowles
Director, Colin Knowles and Associates Pty Ltd
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

2. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
Topic Overview
Digital Migration in the Asia Pacific: ITU Initiatives: Guidelines and Roadmaps
Findings from ITU Survey of the Region
Building a Migration Roadmap
DTV Technology Status and Options
Implementing DTV: Case Studies from the Region
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

3. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
Digital Migration in the Asia Pacific: ITU Initiatives: Guidelines and Roadmaps
Background to ITU initiative
The ITU Guidelines on Migration from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting
Application of the Guidelines for the Asia Pacific Region
Migration of Analogue Archives to Digital
ITU Survey of Analogue to Digital Television Migration in the Asia Pacific Region
Selection of Asia Pacific Countries for a Pilot Programme to Assist in Building Migration Roadmaps
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

4. Background on Migration
Geneva 06 Agreement
Migration Guidelines for Africa
WTDC 10 Decisions and Action Plan for AP
ITU Initiatives in AP Region to Implement WTDC 10 Decisions
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

5. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
Geneva 06 (GE06 ) Agreement
Planning Area: Highlighted above
Frequency Bands: Band III MHz
Band IV: MHz
Band V:
GE06 Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Plans to be implemented by June 2015 (except so developing countries where transition ends June 2020)
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

6. ITU Asia-Pacific Region
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific: Bangkok, Thailand
Area Office for South East Asia: Jakarta, Indonesia
The offices serve for 38 Member States and 71 BDT Sector Members
Low-Income States (9)
The Rest (10)
LDCs (14)
D.P.R. Korea
India
Indonesia
Mongolia
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
Australia
Brunei
China/Hong Kong
Iran
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
R.O. Korea
Singapore
Thailand
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Lao, PDR
Maldives
Nepal
Myanmar
Kiribati
Samoa
Solomon Is.
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Timor Leste
Fiji
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
Tonga
PNG
SIDS (12)
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7. ITU & Digital Broadcasting

8. Digital Broadcasting Project
Objectives
To assist the Asia-Pacific countries in making their own roadmap to shift smoothly from analogue to DTTB and to introduce MTV.
Funded by ITU and KCC, Republic of Korea
Main Activities
Survey on broadcasting & transition situation;
Adaptation of Guidelines developed through Roadmap of a project in Africa;
Development of Roadmap for some selected countries in Asia-Pacific;
Workshop to train participants on how to develop Roadmap and share experiences amongst neighboring countries in Asia-Pacific.
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9. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
Expected Results
Policy and regulatory frameworks for digital terrestrial broadcasting, including mobile television and spectrum re-farming due to the digital dividend
Digital broadcasting master plans for transition from analogue to digital broadcasting, including mobile TV and IPTV
Appropriate mechanisms for conversion from analogue to digital archives and mechanisms for sharing of content
Provision of assistance in the field of interactive multimedia services to broadcasters in the Asia-Pacific region
Enhanced skills of relevant human resources in the area of digital broadcasting technologies
Comprehensive guidelines on the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting
Facilitating the availability of universal radio receivers at affordable prices.
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

10. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
Description of Main Activities
Survey on the current situation of broadcasting
Collect information through questionnaire
Analyze the collected information
Adaptation of the guidelines
Decide which parts of the guidelines needed to be adapted
Study guidelines to support the conversion
Disseminate introductory knowledge on conversion
Development of master plan for pilot countries
Identify pilot countries
Clarify the requirements
Customize guidelines & develop master plan
Capacity building on digital broadcasting technologies
Organize regional workshop/training
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

11. ITU Assistance & Guidelines
Provide information and recommendations
on broadcasting policy, regulation, technologies,
network planning, customer awareness and
business planning for the smooth transition
to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB)
and introduction of Mobile Television
Broadcasting (MTV).
Assist in development of a well defined
roadmap for transition.
Note: The Guidelines have been prepared for Africa, taking into account the provisions of the GE06 Agreement. However they could also be applied in countries outside the GE06 planning area, but provisions of other applicable regulations, instead of GE06, should be taken into account in that case.
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

12. Drivers for Migration in the AP
GE06 does not apply to the Asia Pacific Region but migration is important!
Harmonization of Frequency Assignments maximize value of digital dividend globally
Supply of Analogue equipment will become a problem
Additional capacity to deliver programmes at little additional cost (Enabler)
Needs of individual countries in AP are diverse
There is a transition cost! This will determine the urgency for migration.
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

13. Application of the Guidelines for the Asia Pacific Region
Revision of the Guidelines for application in the AP Region
Put GE06 into context for Region 3
Add references to the additional technologies applicable to Region 3
Include new material: Guidelines on Archives Migration
These have wider application than Region 3
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14. Migration of Analogue Archives to Digital
Why Migration is Important
Migration Options and Strategies
Integration of Archives into the Digital Production Workflow
Planning for Archive Migration
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15. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
ITU Survey of Analogue to Digital Television Migration in the Asia Pacific Region
Background and Objectives of the Survey
Similar survey carried out in Africa
Questionnaire updated for AP to obtain more comprehensive information about migration needs, capability, and information needs
Respondents to the Survey
Survey went to 39 Countries (including Cook Islands)
Acknowledgements received by ITU 25
Country 22 Respondents from the AP Region (excluding Hong Kong SRA, Singapore, and Vietnam)
China, Cook Islands, New Zealand, Philippines and Thailand did not require assistance or provided no information to identify any need for assistance..
17 countries are eligible for consideration under selection criteria.
5 Pilot countries announced Mid December 2010 (Cambodia, Mongolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Tonga)
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16. Main Findings of AP Survey
Time Period
Number of Countries
DTTB Introduction
MTV Introduction
End of Transition
Until 2010 10 5
Until 2015
4 (Number of starts may be higher) ?
Until 2020
10 (Speculative Estimate) 3
Beyond 2020
Some very small countries may be later than 2020
17 Countries responded to survey – Information on further countries obtained from other sources: There are 38 ITU Member States – table reflects 24 countries of AP Only
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17. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
Summary
Wide diversity of needs, aspirations, and capability.
Detailed questionnaire was challenging for many respondents – yet where information was provided it laid a good foundation for further consideration of assistance needs and migration complexity
Two major groupings of complexity emerge:
Sparse settlement over large areas (eg Island States) and or difficulty geography- Few neighbouring states and fairly simple planning for DTV but distribution of signal to transmitters difficult.
More densely populated states with Complex Planning of multiple high power services and multiple translators
In most cases the level of in-country theoretical knowledge of DTV may be sufficient but there is limited practical implementation know how and initially insufficient time to build that experience internally.
Most need assistance with Policy, Regulation, and Analogue Switch Off strategy.
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18. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
Selection of Asia Pacific Countries for a Pilot Programme to Assist in Building Migration Roadmaps
Five countries selected for ITU Assistance under a pilot programme
Selection Criteria sought to identify:
Representative mix of developing countries
Candidates who might be able to progress with migration early and so provide lessons for others
Candidates who had sufficient capability to progress from roadmap to implementation
Candidates where there was strong support from Government for migration
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19. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
Selection of Asia Pacific Countries for a Pilot Programme to Assist in Building Migration Roadmaps
Five countries selected were:
Mongolia – Roadmap report to be completed by May 2011
Cambodia – Roadmap report to be completed by May 2011
Tonga Will commence by June-July 2011
Sri Lanka - Will commence by June-July 2011
Nepal Will commence by June-July 2011
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20. DTV Technology Compression and Transmission
Compression Technologies
MPEG-2
MPEG-4
Terrestrial Transmission
Mixed Satellite and Terrestrial
Cable and IPTV
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21. DTV Technology Terrestrial Broadcast Applications
Technology Options
Digital Terrestrial TV
ATSC
ISDB
DVB-T/T2
China DTV
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22. DTV Technology Mobile Applications
Mobile Digital Television
CMMB
DMB
Media Flo
DVB-H
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23. DTV Technology Terrestrial Radio Applications
DAB & DAB+
DRM
ISDB
DMB
CMMB
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24. National DTV Standards
Generic Standards have to be adapted to National needs – They provide a tool box of options to select from for local needs
Particular Attention should be given to assignment of Logical Channel Numbers, EPG and structure of Systems Information
National Channel Frequency Allocations also need to be specified for Manufacturers
Look to standards of established countries for guidance on what should be specified in National Standards
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25. Building a Migration Roadmap
The ITU Guidelines
Drivers of Migration
Factors that Influence the Approach
Engagement of the Stakeholders (National Roadmap Team)
Implementation Phase
Analogue Switch Off (ASO)
Delivering the Digital Dividend?
4/21/2017
Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

26. Building a Migration Roadmap
The ITU Guidelines
Drivers of Migration
Factors that Influence the Approach
Engagement of the Stakeholders (National Roadmap Team)
Implementation Phase
Analogue Switch Off (ASO)
Delivering the Digital Dividend?
4/21/2017
Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

27. Building a Migration Roadmap
The ITU Guidelines
Drivers of Migration
Factors that Influence the Approach
Engagement of the Stakeholders (National Roadmap Team)
Implementation Phase
Analogue Switch Off (ASO)
Delivering the Digital Dividend?
4/21/2017
Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

28. Building a Migration Roadmap
The ITU Guidelines
Drivers of Migration
Factors that Influence the Approach
Engagement of the Stakeholders (National Roadmap Team)
Implementation Phase
Analogue Switch Off (ASO)
Delivering the Digital Dividend?
4/21/2017
Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

29. Building a Migration Roadmap
The ITU Guidelines
Drivers of Migration
Factors that Influence the Approach
Engagement of the Stakeholders (National Roadmap Team)
Implementation Phase
Analogue Switch Off (ASO)
Delivering the Digital Dividend?
4/21/2017
Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

30. Building a Migration Roadmap
The ITU Guidelines
Drivers of Migration
Factors that Influence the Approach
Engagement of the Stakeholders (National Roadmap Team)
Implementation Phase
Analogue Switch Off (ASO)
Delivering the Digital Dividend?
4/21/2017
Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

31. Building a Migration Roadmap
The ITU Guidelines
Drivers of Migration
Factors that Influence the Approach
Engagement of the Stakeholders (National Roadmap Team)
Implementation Phase
Analogue Switch Off (ASO)
Delivering the Digital Dividend?
4/21/2017
Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011

32. Implementing DTV: Lessons from the Region: Australia
Early Adopter – Services commenced Jan 2001
Equipment Supply and reliability was initially difficult.
Standards and Roll-out
Evaluated ATSC and DVB and opted for DVB-T
Comprehensive assessment to achieve same coverage – digital has different failure characteristics.
HDTV and Multi-channel: Broadcasters have full 7MHz DTV channel and will be required to give up Analogue Channel.
Large Country, Many high density areas to cover, complex mix of high and low power services, 5-6 networks nationally, Digital had to be integrated with analogue to allow simulcast
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33. Implementing DTV: Lessons from the Region: Australia
Organization
Planning was joint effort between Government, Regulator and Broadcasters over several years
Policy and Legislation: Supported need for large infrastructure investment
Digital Dividend is one objective (involving restacking of spectrum)
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34. Implementing DTV: Lessons from the Region: Australia
Completion of ASO 2013
More than 4000 transmitters at 1200 sites ranging from 1MW analogue – Low Power Translators across Australia with complementary Satellite services.
ASO Organization and Implementation
Separate dedicated organization within Government
Timetable and Strategy developed with the Industry
Extensive Communication campaign to end users and retailers
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35. Implementing DTV: Bhutan
LDC with small population and exceptionally difficult terrain
Trans border satellite concerns
Still in progress of rolling out analogue
Extensive Cable TV implementation
ITU assisted with preliminary roadmap guidance in 2009/10
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36. Implementing DTV: Mongolia
Government decision to migrate by June 2013
Sparse Population and large area but well developed analogue strategy
Objective to achieve at least 10 digital channels across the country
ITU assistance with roadmap strategies in February 2011
First Stage implementation before end 2011 – tenders for supply
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37. Some Lessons from Region
Most complex issues are policy and regulation and Analogue Switch Off
Technology is now stable and affordable
Lots of experienced supplier assistance available
Many similarities between AP countries in the issues and delivery of Digital Services
Distribution is often a challenge
Digital Dividend may be a significant objective to enable rapid development of communications services.
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38. Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011
Acknowledgement
ITU and its Partner KCC (Republic of Korea) in the Roadmap Project
ABU in collaboration with ITU on the regional survey and guidelines revision project
The administrations from the region: in particular Bhutan and Mongolia for their participation in the Roadmap projects.
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Hanoi : Digital Broadcasting 22 May2011