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Energy Dr Michael McCann Centre for Sustainable Technologies (Professor Neil J Hewitt)
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“Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another.”
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How is energy transferred? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBVbV5dpCCA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fe_fFFrVl7U Energy transfer through heat Energy transfer in different forms
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Energy transfers Global state of energy reserves Consequences of energy use UK and Ireland Challenges Renewables Smart systems
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Global status of conventional energy sources Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Electricity Overall electricity use
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Oil
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Gas
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Major gas trade movements
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Coal
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Nuclear Energy
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Nuclear energy Nuclear energy means the energy of an atomic nucleus, which can be released by fusion or fission or radioactive decay http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rn339v_Q-w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rn339v_Q-w Well controlled-electricityOut of control-disaster
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Nuclear energy consumption by region
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Hydroelectricity
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Hydroelectricity consumption by region Three gorges dam in China
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What is renewable energy? It comes from resources which are continually replenished on a human timescale such as: sunlightsunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heatwindraintideswavesgeothermal heat
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Primary energy
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Consequences Poverty Environment Security Costs
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Poverty
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Environment Global temperature increases
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Energy security
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Energy investment $22 Trillion!
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WHAT MIGHT WE DO IN THE UK & IRELAND? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25bmXpEPosc What is Germany doing?
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Drivers for Energy Changes UK has a target to reduce carbon emissions by 80% by 2050 1.Maintaining a secure energy system 2.Providing affordable energy 3.Enabling economic growth 4.Limiting impact on the environment
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Challenges for Energy The key challenge is to rapidly decarbonise our energy supply Increase the efficiency of buildings, industry and transport Develop/enhance existing networks/infrastructure to support the changing face of energy Accelerate the development and deployment of affordable green energy technologies
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UK Energy consumption by sector
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UK Low Carbon Transition Plan 34% cut in CO 2 emissions by 2020 7M homes insulated 1.5M homes generating electricity 40% electricity is low carbon Halving gas imports Reducing car emissions by 40% etc
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Technologies? Solar photovoltaics Wind turbines Small scale hydro Solar hot water Ground source heat pumps Air source heat pumps Biomass Micro-chp Wave/Tidal etc
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Wind Energy? Off shore wind farm On shore wind farm
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European offshore wind atlas
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Wind Impacts
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Forecasting Accuracy Wind energy can be simulated using CFD technology
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Electricity Price
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ELECTRIC VEHICLES The Elephant in the Room?
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Vehicles….. Charge electricity/time: 100 miles distance Cost of unit of electricity 10p off-peak 20p peak If using off-peak electricity, electricity costs equivalent to a tank of petrol: €2 to €5,
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Issues to consider… What is the % of vehicles that use is under 50km (return)? Can battery easily meet most daily needs? But occasional needs for longer journey both actual and psychological? Plug-in Hybrids Battery Electric Vehicles Battery Exchange Fast Charging of Battery
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Fast Charging Issues with heat management and electrical safety 80% charge (125 km) in 30 minutes European Standard underway
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SMART GRIDS Definitions etc…. A smart grid uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information of the suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricityinformation and communications technology
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What is a Smart Grid?
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Plug-in hybrid electric cars Added green power sources Smart thermostats, appliances and in-home control devices Real-time and green pricing Signals High-speed, networked connections Customer interaction with utility The Smart House?
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Conclusions Network will change Wind resources Tidal and Wave to come Smart metering an invention of bad policy Can we afford them? Can we afford not to? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJ-J91SwP8w Thanks for your attention
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