2. Economic Reforms Monopolies/Trusts Wealth Gap

3. Economic Reformers sought to curb the power and influence of wealthy interests. The focus was on the following issues: Economic Reform »Monopolies »Trusts »Gap between Rich and Poor

5. An act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies. Sherman Anti-Trust Act

6. 16 th Amendment Income Tax! How can that be a good thing?How can that be a good thing? A “Progressive Tax” – the more income you make, the more tax you pay. Reduces the gap between rich and poor!Reduces the gap between rich and poor!

7. Moral Reforms Prohibition (is our focus!)

8. Moral Reform Many felt the Morals of our society were at the root of many turn of the century problems. - Moral Reformers sought to promote Moral Improvements such as: End Drunkenness End Gambling End Prostitution Educate All Children “Americanize” Immigrants and Restrict Entry of New Immigrants

9. Lincoln’s Generals Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker

10. The Evils of Alcohol The Temperance Movement The Evils of Alcohol The Temperance Movement Moral Reform

11. Carrie Nation – “Saloon Smasher” Extremely religious upbringing Married a drinker (against parents wishes) who died when their daughter was an infant Second marriage also unsuccessful - divorced

12. Carrie Nation – “Saloon Hatcher” Used a hatchet to meet goals of temperance movement: 1. destroy property 2. convert saloon keepers

13. Another New Amendment! 18 th Amendment (1919) Prohibited manufacture and sale of liquor This is known as Prohibition!

15. Lesson Essential Question What were turn of the century political concerns and how were they addressed?

16. Vocabulary Patronage Referendum Political Machines Pendleton Act Initiative Recall

17. Political Reforms Patronage Election of Senate Proposal of Bills Voting on Bills Removal of Corrupt Elected Officials

18. All Governments (city, state, and national) should Political Reform Goals 1.Allow citizens to have a larger role in government affairs. 2.Be less corrupt and more efficient.

19. What Progressive Political Reformers Demanded We demand for our citizens, Political Honesty and Accountability!

20. Key Political Reform Muckraker Lincoln Steffens “During nine years of New York City newspaper work ending in 1901, Steffens discovered abundant evidence of the corruption of politicians by businessmen seeking special privileges. In 1901 after he became managing editor of McClure’s Magazine, he began to publish the influential articles later collected as The Shame of the Cities (1906)....” Britannica Academic Edition http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/564894/ Lincoln-Steffens

21. Boss Tweed Political Machines and Bosses

22. Did you remember Boss Hogg?

23. The giving of jobs or other political favors to supporters – even if they are not qualified Even Presidents did it! …until… Patronage (the Spoils System)

24. Assassination of James A. Garfield Republican Killed by a lawyer, Charles Guiteau - not hired for a job Led to Pendleton Civil Service Act (testing for position)

25. Check out some other political reforms

26. Giving a Voice to Citizens Regarding Political Candidates... BEFORE State legislature chose US Senators AFTER 17 th Amendment – US Senators are elected by popular vote

27. Giving Citizens Power Regarding Bills/Laws... BEFORE Only members of state legislature can introduce bills AFTER Initiative – Voters can put bills before the legislation

28. Giving Citizens Power Regarding Bills/Laws... BEFORE Only legislatures pass laws AFTER Referendum – voters can vote on bills directly DE voters control raising school taxes

29. Giving Citizens A Way to Deal with Corrupt Officials BEFORE Only courts or legislature can remove corrupt officials AFTER Recall – voters can remove elected officials from office