2. Topic 2 Infrastructure Planning Session 02-04 Matakuliah: S0902 – Manajemen Infrastruktur Tahun: 2010

3. Bina Nusantara University 3 Learning outcomes Mahasiswa dapat memperhitungkan aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhi perencanaan infrastruktur

4. Bina Nusantara University 4 Mind Map ( Topic 2 )

5. Bina Nusantara University 5 Contents Feasibility Study Project and Master Planning Planning for uncertainty and Risk Economic Analysis

6. Bina Nusantara University 6 Feasibility Study What is Feasibility study ? A feasibility study is an evaluation of a proposal designed to determine the difficulty in carrying out a designated task. Generally, a feasibility study precedes technical development and project implementation.

7. Bina Nusantara University 7 Feasibility Study What is Feasibility study ? A feasibility study is the first step in design and Evaluation which to be an important matter for integrated infrastructure development

8. Bina Nusantara University 8 Feasibility Study What for…..? 1.Evaluation Project 2.Planning 3.Strategic 4.Infrastructure Development 5.Sustainability Infrastructure

9. Bina Nusantara University 9 Feasibility Study How ?? 1.Collecting recent Internal Data 2.Collecting recent and future external data 3.Field Study 4.Interviews 5.Evaluation previous data / report

10. Bina Nusantara University 10 Project and Master Planning Project :: A project is a temporary endeavor, having a defined beginning and end, undertaken to meet particular goals and objectives, usually to bring about beneficial change or added value. [ Wikipedia ]

11. Bina Nusantara University 11 Project and Master Planning Planning :: Planning is a process for accomplishing purpose.

12. Bina Nusantara University 12 Project and Master Planning Planning :: Planning is a blue print of business growth and a road map of development. It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and qualitative terms.

13. Bina Nusantara University 13 Project and Master Planning Planning :: Planning is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in view the resources.

14. Bina Nusantara University 14 Project and Master Planning Planning :: What should a plan be? A plan should be a realistic view of the expectations, It is the framework within which it must operate. ; the plan is the most important document and key to growth. Preparation of a comprehensive plan will not guarantee success, but lack of a sound plan will almost certainly ensure failure. [ wikipedia]

15. Bina Nusantara University 15 Project and Master Planning Planning :: Importance of the planning Process A plan can play a vital role in helping to avoid mistakes or recognize hidden opportunities. Preparing a satisfactory plan of the organization is essential. The planning process enables management to understand more clearly what they want to achieve, and how and when they can do it.

16. Bina Nusantara University 16 Project and Master Planning Planning :: Importance of the planning Process A well-prepared business plan demonstrates that the managers know the business and that they have thought through its development in terms of products, management, finances, and most importantly, markets and competition.

17. Bina Nusantara University 17 Project and Master Planning Planning :: Importance of the planning Process Planning helps in forecasting the future, makes the future visible to some extent. It bridges between where we are and where we want to go. Planning is looking ahead.

18. Bina Nusantara University 18 Project and Master Planning Planning ::

19. Bina Nusantara University 19 Project and Master Planning Master Planning :: A plan giving comprehensive guidance or instruction.

20. Bina Nusantara University 20 Project and Master Planning Master Planning :: The Master Plan process provides a blueprint for the future. The future plan is just that, a plan, and will only be implemented as warranted by actual activity.

21. Bina Nusantara University 21 Project and Master Planning

22. Bina Nusantara University 22 Project and Master Planning STEPS :: [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6] 1.Establishment of goals and objectives  –Broad Policies –Long term plan –Integration of infrastructure goals with broader policy objectives Establish clear and measurable statements of what the project want to accomplish to meet its policy goals

23. Bina Nusantara University 23 Project and Master Planning STEPS :: [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6] 2. Problem Identification & Analysis  –Collecting Data –Projecting demand and supply –Uses of resources ( land, water, air etc ) –Identification opportunities for development and management –SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis

24. Bina Nusantara University 24 SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project

25. Bina Nusantara University 25 SWOT Analysis It involves specifying the objective of the project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective.

26. Bina Nusantara University 26 SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis’ technique is credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies [ Wikipedia ]

27. Bina Nusantara University 27 SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis must first start with defining a desired end state or objective.

28. Bina Nusantara University 28 SWOT Analysis Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the SWOTs.

29. Bina Nusantara University 29 SWOT Analysis SWOT Elements  1. Internal Factor: Strengths : attributes of the project that are helpful to achieving the objective. Weaknesses : attributes of the project that are harmful to achieving the objective.

30. Bina Nusantara University 30 SWOT Analysis SWOT Elements  2. External Factor : Opportunities : external conditions that are helpful to achieving the objective. Threats : external conditions which could do damage to the objective.

31. Bina Nusantara University 31 SWOT Analysis StrengthWeakness Internal Analysis Opportunity Threat External Analysis

32. Bina Nusantara University 32 Project and Master Planning STEPS :: [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6] 3. Solution identification and impact assessment  –Structural Solution –Non Structural Solution –Preliminary assessment of impact Identify and measure deficiencies, problems and needs

33. Bina Nusantara University 33 Project and Master Planning STEPS :: [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6]4. 4. Formulation of alternatives and analysis  –Criteria and procedure for comparison of measure –Detailed assessment of impact Identify alternative solutions to address these needs

34. Bina Nusantara University 34 Project and Master Planning STEPS :: [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6] 5. Recommendations  –Priorities –Schedules for implementation Identify priorities for each program area consistent with the project’s goals and objectives

35. Bina Nusantara University 35 Project and Master Planning STEPS :: [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6] 6. Decision  –Base on recommendation and analysis –Financing for Project Develop an expenditure plan based on available resources and cost

36. Bina Nusantara University 36 Project and Master Planning STEPS :: [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6] 7. Implementation  –Final design –Construction Planning –Construction process Implement Program

37. Bina Nusantara University 37 Project and Master Planning STEPS :: [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 1.6] 8. Operation and Maintenance  –Maintenance –Including appropriate organizations to carry out these function Monitoring for operation and maintenance program

38. Bina Nusantara University 38 Planning for uncertainty and Risk Uncertainty :: The lack of certainty, A state of having limited knowledge where it is impossible to exactly describe existing state or future outcome, more than one possible outcome.

39. Bina Nusantara University 39 Planning for uncertainty and Risk Measurement of Uncertainty :: A set of possible states or outcomes where probabilities are assigned to each possible state or outcome - this also includes the application of a probability density function to continuous variable

40. Bina Nusantara University 40 Planning for uncertainty and Risk Risk :: A state of uncertainty where some possible outcomes have an undesired effect or significant loss.

41. Bina Nusantara University 41 Planning for uncertainty and Risk Measurement of Risk :: A set of measured uncertainties where some possible outcomes are losses, and the magnitudes of those losses - this also includes loss functions over continuous variables.

42. Bina Nusantara University 42 Economic Analysis :: Economics  is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [ wikipedia ]

43. Bina Nusantara University 43 Economic Analysis :: Economics  The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek ο ἰ κονομία (oikonomia, " management of a household, administration ") from ο ἶ κος ( oikos, "house") + νόμος ( nomos, "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house(hold)

44. Bina Nusantara University 44 Economic Analysis Financial Analysis are needed for most public and private projects that involve capital investments

45. Bina Nusantara University 45 Economic Analysis Types of Documentation that must be prepared : 1.Estimates of Investment 2.Detailed Schedule ( e.g for investment cost by year ) 3.Estimates of portions of investment cost in domestic n foreign fund ( in case for developing country )

46. Bina Nusantara University 46 Economic Analysis Types of Documentation that must be prepared : 4. Plan for Financing the cost of project investment ( sources of fund, term for repayment ) 5. Plan for the required annual subsidies 6. Additional statements of a financial nature depending of regulatory agencies and financial institution involved the projec

47. Bina Nusantara University 47 Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2] 1.Preliminary  –Is a feasible project likely? –What are approximate of capacity and cost? –What additional studies are needed to confirm feasibility?

48. Bina Nusantara University 48 Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2] 2. Feasibility Report  A comprehensive feasibility report should include: –Description and analysis data –Confirmation of construction feasibility and laboratory investigation, studies of project arrangements, individual project features, analysis of construction method ( sources of materials, accessibility to site management traffic pattern, dversion of water during construction )

49. Bina Nusantara University 49 Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2] 2. Feasibility Report  A comprehensive feasibility report should include: –Recommendation for arrangement of project works, preliminary plan and other analysis to determine the principal quantities of construction, a reliable cost estimate and the discussion of the design criteria

50. Bina Nusantara University 50 Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2] 2. Feasibility Report  A comprehensive feasibility report should include: –Construction scheduling showing the timing and costs of project features –Financial analysis projecting year-by-year cost, revenue, and subsidies –Economic Analysis ( if appropriate ) e.g if the sponsor is regional authority

51. Bina Nusantara University 51 Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2] 2. Feasibility Report  A comprehensive feasibility report should include: –Plan for financing construction and for managing the construction and operation –Institutional and legal requirement –Assessment of the environmental and social impacts of construction and operation and other impact studies if required

52. Bina Nusantara University 52 Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2] 3. Final Design and Preparation of Contract documents Contract documents include plan and specification that are sufficiently detailed to obtained tender for qualified construction and equipment contractor

53. Bina Nusantara University 53 Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2] 4. Construction –Payment to the contractor are usually made based on measurement of work in progress or completed, in accordance with the term of the contract documents

54. Bina Nusantara University 54 Planning & Appraisal of Infrastructure Project [ Goodman, Infrastructure planning Hand book – p 3.2] 5. Operation  –The operating rules may be changed on the basis of experience during the operation of the project