1. GLST 490 – Day 19

2. Review for the November 16 th Mid-term Thanks to the volunteers who offered to help Oscar unload his instruments on November 18 th – the same day the journals are due – and to Laurent for arranging for Eric to come in and talk to us about, and perform, some flamenco and fado on November 23rd. Today we will review for the mid-term on the 16 th (next Tuesday). Upon further reflection, I think we will cover some of the material on the mid- term that we reviewed for before, so we have something left to do on the final exam. See the notes for Days 11-12 on the web for that material. Today, we will cover what we have done since.

3. Review for the November 16 th Mid-term Since the last review, we have covered soul, reggae, and hip hop. The presentations have also covered: electronica, indie music, hip hop, Arab folk, Scottish folk, punk, salsa, Hawaiian, Armenian, Quebec pop, and heavy metal. Autumn raised the issue whether folks would feel comfortable with my putting these up on the web site so the rest of the class could access them. Any thoughts? I would have to check and see if I have them all. Has anyone not sent me theirs? What were the musical roots of soul? Was it in a sense a new form of race music? How did soul fit into its times? What was the collaboration between black and white musicians like in soul, and how did it change over time?

4. Review for the November 16 th Mid-term How did the economics of the music began to change with soul music and, what techniques, in particular, distinguished the approach of Berry Gordy and Motown? What music did soul evolve into or influence? What were the original popular forms of music in Jamaica? Between the U.S. and Jamaica, which direction of influence was predominant and how? Were there exceptions? What was the role of the sound system in Jamaican musical culture?

5. Review for the November 16 th Mid-term How did ska come into being and how did the original studios evolve, and in what relationship to artists? Who were/ are the Rastafarians, what do they believe, and what role did they play in ska, rocksteady, and reggae. When did reggae start to go global and how? Who were/ are the Rastafarians, what do they believe, and what role did they play in ska, rocksteady, and reggae. When did reggae start to go global and how? In what way did reverse racism play a role initially in Bob Marley's life?

6. Review for November 16 th Mid-term How did Marley's music speak to the experience of black people to that of the downtrodden everywhere? Did the notion of diaspora play a role in reggae and/or Rastafarianism? How did Marley aim to be an agent of change, but also a force for peace – in the world and in Jamaica, more particularly? What was Marley and Rastas' attitudes towards women? What has been the fate of reggae after Marley?

7. Review for the November 16 th Mid-term Who invented hip hop? How does hip hop differ from rap? Any thoughts as to why the cultural hearth of hip hop was the South Bronx or why it has been embraced so enthusi- astically in poor neighbourhoods throughout the world? What has the global impact of hip hop been, and has it been predominately positive and negative? What role has commercialization played in hip hop? Any thoughts as to why, despite their relatively low socio- economic status, Afro-American cultural products are so influential on white North American youth, and on many other non-Afro-American cultures around the world? What similarities and differences do you see between the various genres we have discussed so far?