1. Non-communicable diseases David Redfern

2. The global situation (1)
Global mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remains unacceptably high and is increasing. 38 million people die each year from NCDs, mainly from cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes.
Over 14 million deaths from NCDs occur between the ages of 30 and 70 each year, of which 85% are in developing countries.

3. The global situation (2)
The number of NCD deaths has increased worldwide and in every World Health Organization (WHO) region since 2000.
Over 80% of NCD deaths — 29 million — occur in low- and middle-income countries.
Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, 17.3 million people annually, followed by cancers (7.6 million), respiratory diseases (4.2 million), and diabetes (1.3 million).
These four groups of diseases account for around 80% of all NCD deaths.

4. Source: WHO (2014)

5. Behavioural risk factors
Tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and the harmful use of alcohol increase the risk of, or cause, most NCDs.
Tobacco use accounts for almost 6 million deaths every year (including over 600,000 deaths from exposure to second-hand smoke), and is projected to increase to 8 million by 2030.
About 3.2 million deaths annually can be attributed to insufficient physical activity.
Approximately 1.7 million deaths are attributable to low fruit and vegetable consumption.
Half of the 2.3 million annual deaths attributable to harmful drinking are from NCDs.

6. Lower middle income group Upper middle income group
National scale: selected countries and indicators
Country
Indicator
Afghanistan
Low income group
India
Lower middle income group
Iran
Upper middle income group UK
High income group
Proportion of deaths from cardiovascular diseases (%) 19 26 46 31
Proportion of deaths from cancers (%) 6 7 13 29
Proportion of deaths from chronic respiratory diseases (%) 3 4 8
Proportion of deaths from diabetes (%) 1 2
Probability of dying between ages 30 and 70 from the four main NCDs (%) 17 12
Male Female Total
Male Female Total
Male Female Total
Male Female Total
% tobacco smoking daily (2011)
N/A
Total alcohol consumption per capita (litres per year) (2010)
% raised blood pressure (2008)
% obese (2008)
Source: WHO (2014)

7. Obesity
The number of people in the world who are obese or overweight has topped 2.1 billion, up from 875 million in 1980.
More than half of the world's 670 million obese people live in ten countries, ranked in order: USA, China, India, Russia, Brazil, Mexico, Egypt, Germany, Pakistan, Indonesia.
The UK has the third highest rates in western Europe, with 67% of men and 57% of women overweight or obese.
Source: The Lancet (May 2014)

8. The WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013–2020 (1)
This has six global objectives:
Make prevention and control of NCDs a priority
Strengthen national capabilities and leadership
Reduce modifiable risk factors
Strengthen health systems
Promote high-quality research
Monitor trends of disease
Without taking action WHO estimates a $7 trillion loss of productivity.
WHO states that the annual cost of the action plan is $11 billion.

9. The WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013–2020 (2)
WHO has set a global target of a 25% reduction in premature mortality from NCDs by 2025.
This is to be achieved by nine targets:
Establish 80% availability of affordable technology and medicine to treat NCDs
Ensure that 50% of people receive preventive therapy for heart attacks and strokes
Half the rise in diabetes and obesity
30% reduction in salt intake

10. The WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013–2020 (3)
10% reduction in the harmful use of alcohol
25% reduction in premature death of people aged 30 to 70 from cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases
10% reduction in prevalence of insufficient physical activity
30% reduction in tobacco use
25% reduction in prevalence of high blood pressure

11. Useful weblinks
Some of the weblinks used for this presentation are: An interesting perspective on the issues of obesity and diabetes in India can be found at: