2.  Introduction Introduction  Common Input Devices Common Input Devices  KEYBOARD KEYBOARD WORKING OF KEYBOARD  MOUSE MOUSE WORKING OF MOUSE  JOYSTICK JOYSTICK  TRACK BALL TRACK BALL  SCANNER SCANNER WORKING OF A SCANNER TYPES OF SCANNER  MAGNETIC INK CARD READER (MICR): MAGNETIC INK CARD READER (MICR):  OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION(OCR): OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION(OCR):  OPTICAL MARK READER (OMR) OPTICAL MARK READER (OMR)

3. In computing, an input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information appliance. Input devices are components or peripheral devices that feeds data or instructions into a computer or other computational devices for display, storage, processing, or outputting or transmission. They convert the instructions and analog data like graphics, sound, pictures into digital signals that can be processed by a computer. Examples of input devices are mouse, bar-code reader, magnetic-stripe reader, keyboard, modem, scanner, graphic tablet and stylus. Back

4.  Keyboard  Mouse  Joy stick  Track Ball  Scanner  Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)  Optical Character Reader(OCR)  Optical Mark Reader Back

5. Key points regarding keyboard:  The keyboard is the standard input device.  It is merely collection of keys.  It allows us to communicate with computer.  It is similar to typewriter.  Typewriter record data on paper but in keyboard data is stored in memory.  A standard keyboard has 101/102 keys and also known as QWERTY keyboard.

6. SR. NO. KEYS DISCRIPTION 1. TYPING KEYS These keys include the letter keys (A-Z) and digits keys (0-9) which are generally give same layout as that of typewriters. 2. NUMERIC KEYS I t is used to enter numeric data or cursor movement. Generally, it consists of a set of 17 keys that are laid out in the same configuration used by most adding machine and calculators. 3. FUNCTION KEYS The twelve functions keys are present on the keyboard. These are arranged in a row along the top of the keyboard. Each function key has unique meaning and is used for some specific purpose. 4. CONTROL KEYS These keys provides cursor and screen control. I t includes four directional arrow key. Control keys also include Home, End, Insert, Delet,page up, page down Control(Ctrl), Alternate(Alt), Escape(Esc). 5. SPECIAL PURPOSE KEYS Keyboard also contains some special purpose keys such as Enter, Shift, Caps Lock, Num Lock, Space bar, Tab, and Print Screen.

7. When any key is pressed in keyboard, the spring blow presses down thus completing the circuit. The tiny chip KEYBORDS CONTROLLER notes which key is being pressed. It sends interrupt request to the O.S. It also sends a code called scan code to the KEYBOARD BUFFER the system software respond to the interrupt by reading scan code this scan code is combination of bit patterns is then passed to CPU.the ASCII code using appropriate software's in the computer for that bit pattern which is transmitted to an external device for I/O processor. Back

8.  Stanford research center invented the first mouse on 1965.  It rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top.  The cursor moves very fast with mouse giving you more freedom to work in any direction.  It is easier and faster to move through a mouse.  It s user-friendly for computer beginners.  A mouse is easy and convenient to use with a graphical user interface.

9. There is a small ball underneath a mouse, the ball moves too. As the ball moves it rubs against two rollers. One roller senses the horizontal movement and other vertical. These rollers together can tell in which direction the user moves the mouse. Each roller is attached to a wheel called ENCODER. This encoder turns with the rollers. As the encoder turns, its metal bridges touches two fixed electrical contact which generates electrical pulses. The movement of mouse tells with which rate the electrical pulse is generated. These signals are send to the computer through mouse cables. These signals are read by software called the MOUSE DRIVER. This software tells your computer how to move mouse pointer so that it matches mouse movement.  Back

10.  Joystick was discovered by Robert Esnalt-Pelterie on 1st jan. 1909.  Robert Esnalt-Pelterie came up with the idea of the joystick in his diary.  It works on the principle of trackball.  The first joystick was used to fly a plane,.  Today they are commonly used in video games. Back

11.  Track ball is an input device that is mostly used in notebook or laptop computer.  A trackball is good for limited desk space because the user does not have to move the entire device.  A trackball is usually not as accurate as a mouse.  The ball mechanism of trackballs also requires more frequent cleaning than a mouse. Back

12.  Roudolph Hell invented a scanner on 1 st Jan. 1963.  The purpose of this object is to scan documents, pictures etc.  Electronic format of scanned image is its bit map representation.  Stored image can be altered or manipulated with an image processing software.

13. Scanners operate by shining light at the object or document being digitized and directing the reflected light (usually through a series of mirrors and lenses) onto a photosensitive element. In most scanners, the sensing medium is an electronic, light- sensing integrated circuit known as a charged coupled device (CCD). Light-sensitive photosets arrayed along the CCD convert levels of brightness into electronic signals that are then processed into a digital image. Two other technologies, CIS (Contact Image Sensor), and PMT (photomultiplier tube) are found in the low and high ends of the scanner market, respectively. CIS is a newer technology that allows scanners to be smaller and lighter, but sacrifices dynamic range, depth-of-field, and resolution. PMT-based drum scanners produce very high- quality images, but have limited application in library. Another sensing technology, CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), appears primarily in low-end, hand-held digital cameras where its low cost, low power consumption and easier component integration permits smaller, less expensive designs.

14.  Flat Bed Scanner  Hand Held Scanner  Flat Bed Scanner: Looks like a photocopy machine. Has a box with a glass plate on the top & a lid. Document to be scanned is placed on the glass plate. A light source below the glass plate moves from one line to another and scans all these files. Take few seconds to scan a document.

15.  Hand Held Scanner: Contains LED and can be held on hand. To scan dragged slowly over the document from one end to another. It has to be dragged very slowly and steadily. Used only when light accuracy is not needed. It is cheaper than the flat bed scanner. Used when the volume of the document to be scanned is low. Back

16.  MICR is used by banking industry for faster processing of large volume of cheques  Bank’s identification code (name, branch etc.), account number and cheque number are pre-printed (encoded)using characters from a special character set on all cheques  Special ink is used that contains magnetizable particles of iron oxide  MICR reader-sorter reads data on cheques and sorts them for distribution to other banks or for further processing.

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18. ‘Its the mechanical or electronic conversion of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text’. Back

19. ‘Optical mark recognition (also called optical mark reading and OMR) is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests’.

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