1. Tips for learning a programming language Prepared By Ghulam Nasir (Khan) TA (Introduction to ICT and Programming – BICSE-5)

2. Introduction The first time we hear about a programming language, we wonder with is programming and what is a language. What are the functions of the programming language and why should we be familiar to programming language. After getting a brief overview of programming from our seniors, we think it is really a tough thing and we think that we are not able to do it. But according to me “The easiest and the most interesting thing in the world of technology is programming because it involves logic. It just want you to think about a problem, prepare a plan of attack in terms of english sentences and translate the sentences into programming language. However, the key to success in programming is clear concepts and lots of practice”

3. Steps for gaining proficiency in a subject/language Be Motivated Gain Knowledge Practice the Knowledge gained Think about real world scenarios where you can implement the knowledge Try to implement the knowledge in the real world by first designing a plan of attack and then writing a program from the plan of attack.

5. The first time you hear about some new programming language you have a big, empty, black space in your head. That is your ignorance. The new language is foreign, unknown, a dark void. Learning the language is all about dispelling the darkness in your head and to replace it with a mental model of how the language works. You must cast the light of knowledge on the subject. Now Let us see some tips which can help us gain knowledge of and proficiency in the language

6. 1 – Willingness To Learn The first thing in learning anything is showing willingness to learn it. If a person is not willing to learn anything, no one in the world can make him learn it. Secondly, you should think that you can do it regardless of its level of difficulty. It is said that “When you say that I can do it, 50% of work is already done”

7. 2 - Get Your Hands On It To learn about a programming language, we need to have almost all information about that language and a platform in which we can write and execute programs written in that language. So first of all, we must have the compiler of that language. In your case it is the Turbo C v 3.0 Compiler. Try to open the IDE and visit the help section etc.[It is available on http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/bicse-5 ] http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/bicse-5

8. 3 - Study History Find out where the language came from. Go back and find the original source material to understand the history of the language. Why was it first created? What kind of problems was it designed to solve? This will help you understand its strengths. What languages influenced its syntax? What accidents of history are responsible for you ever hearing about it? Don’t be content to read some distilled version of the history. Look for the original, definitive source that puts the language into context. This is a beginning towards understanding the nature of the problems the language is designed for.

9. Concentrate on Lectures It is very hard to learn the first language from the books and tutorials, so concentrate on what the lecturer is teaching in the class and try to get your concepts are clearer as possible because if you do not clear your concepts in the beginning, it will create a very big problem for you in the future. To learn more, you must ask different brainstorming questions from the lecturer or any other concerned about any unclear concept. It must be noted that the questions should be asked for the sake of clarity and not for the sake of just asking.

10. 4 – Stick To Your Lecture Notes during the 1 st week or so It is better to stick to the lecture notes during the 1 st week so that you can get the basics of the language and all the knowledge that has been discussed in the above slides. You will come to know about input/output statements and some other statements such as clearing the screen etc. You will also become familiar to the environment in the 1 st Lab. Concentrate on what the teacher teaches you and then try to make your concepts as clearer as possible.

11. 5 - Make It do something After getting the compiler and attending the 1 st 3 lectures and the 1 st lab, try to make the language do something for you. That is try to write your first program. It is typically the Hello World Program or a program that prints your name. [Note: This step comes after the 2 nd or 3 rd lecture on c- language]

12. 6 - Browse Use Google, flip through books, visit mailing lists, look at different products. Spend some time just exploring all the different kinds of information there are about the language. At this point you can’t remember much of it, but you will pick up some tidbits, you will start to get a feel for some of the main issues, and you will discover good resources to learn more. Many of these sources will give contradictory and just plain wrong advice, so don’t believe everything you read. This is not so much shedding light on the subject as it is shopping for places to get light. The Browsing stage of learning never comes to an end so it continues all the way. [In my point of view, one should not consult the book or any other tutorial during the first week or so(1 st 3-4 lectures) because you are new to the environment and most of the books are not for the very beginners. They assume that the reader knows something about programming. So in the 1 st 3-4 lectures, you will gain something about programming and you will reach the level where you can consult any book]

13. You can read books and tutorials all day. What the author does will make complete sense. “Of course” you will say… to make blue text appear on the screen that is obviously the right command to use. The problem is that your brain tricks you into saying “of course” to the answers you are given. What you need to do is to try and make the language do something of your own design. So what if you want green text and what if you want it to be tilted at an angle? Well… the book doesn’t say how to do that… now your brain has to engage and actually learn how to make the language do what you want rather than simply assent to what it reads in a book. Now you are traveling through the darkness and gaining first hand experiences to truly understand what the language is all about. 6 - Build something yourself

14. After studying a programming language for 2 to 3 weeks, you will be able to use arithmetic operators, take input from the user, process it and display it on the screen as output. So this is the stage where the actual work begins. You should start consulting your book, teacher, teaching assistants and other resources at the start of the 2 nd week(probably 5 th or 6 th lecture onwards). This will help you a lot. You can think of a problem and then find a solution for it. If you are facing any difficulties, consult your class fellow, teacher, teaching assistants or any other person. It will help you to have a clear concept of different programming terminologies and you will be able to apply the programming language in practical life. 7 – Think of problems and then find solution to it

15. There is a proverb that “Practice Makes A Human Being Perfect” Same is the case with programming. The more you practice, the more knowledge and proficiency of the subject(programming) you will gain. If you practice for at lease 1 hour a day, I guarantee that programming will be your favorite and easiest subject. However, if you do not practice it, you will find it the toughest. The Most Important Factor: Practice

16. LecturesMinimum Book Consulting Hours per day Minimum Practice per day 1 st - 4 th None (just use the lecture slides)30 minutes – 1 hour 5 th – 9 th 30 minutes – 1 hour1 hour – 2 hours 11 th – 15 th 45 minutes – 1 hour and 15 minutes1 hour – 2 hours and 30 minutes 15 th –18 th 1 hour – 2 hours1 hour 3o minutes – 3 hours 19 th – 20 th 1 hour – 2 hours Suggested Plan (for students)

17. Suggested Plan(continued) Lecture 1 st – 4th Introduction, I/O Statements, gotoxy(),clrscr(), getch(),variables Lecture 5 th – 9 th If, if-else, nested if-else, switch, break Lecture 10 th – 14 th for loop, while loop, do while loop Lecture 15 th – 18 th functions Lecture 19 th – 20 th Introduction to Array Any Body who will follow this plan will not find any difficulties in learning and using C/C++.