1. Survey of Distance Education Use in Rural Schools Wallace Hannum Associate Director for Technology National Research Center on Rural Education Support

2. DE Project Overview Survey Lit Review Planning Study Design Preparation Conduct Studies Evaluate Disseminate Project Years Conduct Studies Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

3. Survey of Distance Education Use Who uses DE? What courses? What technology? How successful? Additional needs? Barriers?

4. Survey Timeline Questionnaire Design InterviewingInterviewing Data Analysis January - March April - June July - September

5. Questionnaire Design Factors DE Use & Needs Technology DE Type Content Areas Barriers

6. Sample REAP –Rural low income –Small rural Random sample 10% –415 school districts –394 participated 294 SRSA 100 RLIS Interviewed 94.5% Not Interviewed 5.5%

7. Participating Districts by State AL-4 AR- 14 AZ-8 CA-10 CO-12 CT-2 MD FL-3 GA-8 IA-13 ID-5 IL-20 IN-2 KS-16 KY-7 LA-2 ME-4 MI-11 MN-9 MO-19 MS-11 MT-14 NC-4 ND-17 NE-19 NH-2 NJ NM-6 NV-2 NY-9 OH-9 OK-31 OR-9 PA SC-4 SD-11 TN-6 TX-45 UT-1 VA-1 WA-10 WI-4 WV-1 WY-2 HI AK-5 DE RI MA VT-2 GA-8 FL-3

8. Key Findings DE Use Content Areas Technology Barriers 68% use DE Foreign Language Web-based Scheduling Two-way video Trained Instructional Personnel DE as Priority Difficult to Implement English Science Math 70% report need for DE

9. Types of Courses Offered 12% 21% 18% 20% 11% 7% 11% Science Math English Foreign Language History Psychology or Sociology Other

10. Types of Technology Used 14% 12% 4% 7% 11% 2% 25% 21% 4% Correspondence by mail Correspondence by email Cable TV Satellite TV Self-instructional computer- based tutorials One-way video conferencing Two-way video conferencing Web-based or online courses Other

11. Districts Offering DE by Region

12. Districts Offering DE by Majority Ethnicity 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% WhiteBlackHispanic American Indian Mixed

13. Providers of DE 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Local District Regional Consortium State Private Out of State Public VHS Out of State Private VHS

14. Prepared Academically for DE 0% 4% 45% 51% Not Well at All Not Very Well Somewhat Well Very Well

15. Prepared in Study Skills for DE 1% 11% 60% 28% Not Well at All Not Very Well Somewhat Well Very Well

16. Prepared in Computer Skills for DE 1% 23% 76% Not Very Well Somewhat Well Very Well

17. Satisfaction with DE Courses 2% 6% 45% 47% Very Dissatisfied Somewhat Dissatisfied Somewhat Satisfied Very Satisfied

18. Satisfied by Type 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Mail Email Cable Satellite CBT 1-Way VC2-Way VC Web Very Dissatisfied Somewhat Dissatisfied Somewhat Satisfied Very Satisfied

19. Satisfaction by Region ANOVA Sum of SquaresdfMean SquareFSig. Between Groups.3493.1161.606.188 Within Groups 23.603326.072 Total 23.952329

20. Satisfaction by Ethnicity ANOVA Sum of SquaresdfMean SquareFSig. Between Groups.7864.1962.757.028 Within Groups 23.166325.071 Total 23.952329

21. Who Pays Tuition Costs 49% 38% 3% 10% District Students State Other

22. Current DE Meets Needs of Students 2% 7% 53% 38% Not Well at All Not Very Well Somewhat Well Very Well

23. Need Access to Additional DE Courses 65% 35% Yes No

24. Courses Needed 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% MathScienceHistory Foreign Language English

25. Who Decides What Courses for DE 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Superintendent /Assoc Sup School Board Principal Guidance Counselor Teacher Other

26. Selection of DE Providers 62% 23% 15% District Selects from Approved List Externally Selected

27. Barriers