1. Basics of Design & Graphics Course BJMC-107 Lecture-4 Ratan Mani Lal

2. Graphics   By graphics is meant any object that is pictorial, illustrative or diagrammatic in nature that lends visual and decorative appeal to a chosen area   For journalism, that chosen area is the page of a newspaper or magazine or any print publication

3. Types of graphics   Photographs or pictures   Illustrations   Cartoons   Sketches   Art work   Info-graphics   Tables, charts & graphs

4. Photographs   Photographs are as essential part of media exercise as text   Routine and regular use of photographs in newspapers is quite recent, computerization made it easier   Role of creativity much greater today   Almost everything is possible with photographs

5. Some examples   Photographs on newspaper pages

6. Kind of photographs  Personality pictures  Stock pictures  Live or action pictures  Representational pictures

7. Personality pictures   These pictures are of well-known personalities in different fields that may be featured on certain relevant occasions

8. Availability   Most media houses keep a stock of pictures about eminent personalities at various stages of their lives, since these might be required to be used in case of their winning an award or worse, in case of their demise   The role of the make-up editor is to select the most suitable picture to go with an item concerning that personality

9. Stock pictures   These are pictures of occasions, places and events kept in stock

10. Note of caution   Care has to be taken to ensure that the photographs are updated regularly to reflect the changing realities   Such picture as a rule must have a relevant caption that makes it clear how old the picture is or which occasion is being shown

11. Live or action pictures   These are pictures that are taken on the day of a happening and are used the same day   These may be of a meeting, proceedings of an association, a demonstration, procession or agitation, a campaign, a cultural event, a sports event, a parade and so on

12. Some examples   A chief minister riding a cycle   A press conference

13. Selection criteria   Importance of event, clarity, timing, direction or orientation, composition and the characters included in it   A caption is a must to go along with the photograph   Selected action pictures are generally kept in store for later use as stock pictures

14. Representational pictures   These pictures are used along with special features or even regular news items, to provide visual relief or just an illustration to explain a point

15. Some precautions   Generally the people featuring in the pictures should not appear to be posing for the photographs   In case of photographs of meetings, public appearances, conferences etc. photographers take special care to click when the subject is not looking into the camera

16. Illustrations   An illustration is an artist’s creation, made to depict either a theme or a combination of elements   An illustration would generally be used with a feature or article

17. Sketch   The subject matter in a sketch would generally be of an individual or a theme that is made on abstract lines

18. Cartoon   These are caricature drawings that twist the features of an individual or a situation to create humour

19. Cartoons in the digital era   With the advent of computer- assisted all-colour drawing, most artists now draw a cartoon on paper, then get it   There is also a much greater possibility of creating distortions, thereby coming up with funnier cartoons

20. Distortion as an art   The important thing with cartoons is not the degree of distortion, but the depiction of an unusual feature in the face or personality of the individual who is the subject of the cartoon   Cartoons can also be made on a relevant occasion but are kept in stock, lest a requirement may arise again

21. Art work   An art work is a piece of work in which multiple and diverse elements are used to create a message, advertisement or an accompanying picture with an article   In newspapers, an art-work is generally prepared by artists who are either part of the team or whose services are obtained for small periods   In most cases, an art work is date-specific creation and therefore the same piece can not be used repeatedly

22. Info-graphics   It is the combination of information given along with graphics   Usually, some statistical data could be given in integration with a visual   These adds value to an item since uninteresting figures can be reproduced in an interesting fashion

23. Tables, charts & graphs   These are statistical items that can be used as single entities also   Such a use is preferred when the statistical information is small, running three rows and two columns   Obviously the information to be given out would not be bulky, and therefore it s given in simple tables or charts

24. Using graphics   The number of graphics is kept limited to avoid the pages looking cluttered with all sorts of elements   The creation of illustrations and info-graphics is not overdone, for the sake of showing creativity. The impact of such over-dose is just the opposite

25. Some precautions   A graphic, other than a photograph, is generally not used in case of a report on a serious subject. Instead, just a personality picture or a map – as the case may be – are considered for use   A sense of balance is maintained in using two or more graphics on one page, so that the page does not become lop-sided or top-heavy

26. Special effects  Superimposition  Superimposition is the use of one graphic element over another either fully or partially, producing a dramatic effect  Sequence photographs  Sequence photographs are those in which a live action sequence is photographed in quick succession with a high speed camera, and the result is several pictures in a sequence  In multiple exposures  In multiple exposures the same spot is filmed for a period of time and the changes coming about at that point over a period of time are photographed on the same film or frame

27. Use of graphics on the Web   Some factors are; SizeSize SuitabilitySuitability ResolutionResolution Colour preferencesColour preferences

28. Surfers’ choice   Web users do not pause for long at a site, therefore the size and resolution should be kept limited   Some dark colours are generally avoided on Web products because they the users have to peer into a screen to see them   Use of videos, animations etc. open further choices

29. Thank you