1. W ARM U P (H ONORS ) Drop off last week’s warm-up sheet & pick up the new one for this week! Imagine you are moving to a new country and you can only pack one suitcase. What would you pack?

2. W ARM U P (CP) Read the “Gateway to Hope” cartoon and answer these questions: 1. What were two reasons immigrants came to America? 2. Did all immigrants stay in America? How do you know? 3. Was life easy for new immigrants in America?

3. R EVIEW Before 1890: Mainly Northern/Western Europe After 1890: Southern/Eastern Europe

5. P OPULATION C HANGE US population 1860: 31.5 million US population 1920: 61.5 million

6. W HY DID THEY LEAVE ? PUSH/PULL!!

7. P USH F ACTORS

8. Lack of jobs!

9. P USH F ACTORS Gov’t tyranny

10. P USH F ACTORS Crop Failures! Land Shortages!

11. P USH F ACTORS Famine

12. P USH F ACTORS High taxes/cost of living

13. P USH F ACTORS Political/Religious Persecution

14. B UT HOW DID THEY GET HERE ??? Steamships! 2-3 weeks to 1 week by 1900 Created “birds of passage”- single male worker who came for a short time, earn money, and return home

15. S TEERAGE For the “economically disadvantaged” Most immigrants travelled in steerage Large open area under the ship’s deck Cheap fares Limited toilet facilities w/ no privacy

20. W ELCOME TO A MERICA ! Boston Philadelphia Baltimore Seattle San Francisco New York But New York was most popular!

23. What was the first immigration station in America?

24. CASTLE GARDEN!

25. Castle Garden Opened in 1855 Southern tip of Manhattan 70% of all European immigrants arrived in NYC Admitted 8 mil. people from 1855-1890 Closed in 1890—overwhelmed!!

26. Ellis Island opens in 1892

27. Ellis Island NY harbor “Process” those in lower class/steerage Medical check-up & asked series of questions

32. Medical Inspection If doctors found any indication of disease, he marked the shoulder or lapel of an immigrant’s clothing with chalk

35. Deportation Deportation: to send an immigrant back to their country of their origin Deported due to serious diseases: trachoma, etc. Deportation also of: “idiots, imbeciles, feeble- minded persons, epileptics, insane persons; …persons with chronic alcoholism”

37. Q UARANTINE Sometimes immigrants were “quarantined” (isolated to prevent the spread of disease) Tuberculosis, small pox, measles, etc.

38. I NTERVIEW Took place after medical exam Name? Occupation? Who paid your fare? Can you read or write? How much money do you have? Have you been to prison or in a poorhouse? Where are you going? Do you have a job already?

39. Can You Draw a Diamond?

41. IS ENGLISH HARD TO LEARN?

42. C LOSER You are a new immigrant who has just arrived at Ellis Island. What do you… See? Hear? Feel? (“Feel” meaning what do you feel emotionally?)