1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002 An Introduction to Human Services: Policy and Practice Immigration §This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002 Immigration Restrictions §Some governments in Europe have become more conservative because they believe there are too many immigrants. §In the United States, many conservatives want to restrict immigration. (See Chapter 7, pp. 283 – 294.) §After the September 11 attacks, the U.S. tightened restrictions on immigration.

3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002 The Melting Pot §The first wave of immigrants was predominantly white and European. §Chinese men who helped build the cross- continental railroad were excluded from the ceremony to celebrate finishing the railroad. §The current wave of immigrants includes many people from third-world countries, especially Asia and Latin America.

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002 Immigration Policy §Immigration policy has been partially shaped by the need for labor. §It has also been shaped by people’s xenophobia and fear of losing their jobs to foreigners. §Foreign policy has shaped immigration policy. §During the Cold War, people from anti-Soviet countries were given favored treatment.

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002 Racial Quotas §The Civil Rights movement helped to achieve more fairness in immigration policy. §The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 eliminated racial quotas in immigration. §Before 1965, the immigration quota for the United Kingdom was so high that it was never filled. §Asians were, in effect, excluded.

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002 Legal Status §The Immigration Reform Act in 1986 restricted immigration from Mexico and Latin-American countries. §It allowed fines and prison sentences for employers who hired undocumented immigrants. §The act has contributed to discrimination against both legal and illegal immigrants.

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002 Deportation §The Immigration Act of 1996 reinforced the severity of the 1986 act. §It provides for “expedited removal” of immigrants. §People guilty of only technical lapses have been led off in handcuffs and jailed. §The law made it harder for refugees from Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala to become citizens.

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002 Reentry Policy §The Immigration Act of 1996 imposed a ten-year bar to reentry on those who leave the country. §The Act requires sponsors to earn at least 125 percent of the poverty level. §The Act allows immigrants to be deported for even minor infractions of the law.

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2002 Benefits for Legal Immigrants §The Personal Responsibility Act of 1996 cut off Supplemental Security Income benefits for legal immigrants. §About 800,000 legal immigrants received SSI and most lost their benefits. §The Act also cut off food stamps for legal immigrants. §SSI benefits and food stamps were restored by Congress in 1997 for some immigrants, but not for all.