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HW # 63- Karyotyping project with your group (in Google Docs). Watch meiosis video Warm up What can scientists really tell about you by looking at your.

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Presentation on theme: "HW # 63- Karyotyping project with your group (in Google Docs). Watch meiosis video Warm up What can scientists really tell about you by looking at your."— Presentation transcript:

1 HW # 63- Karyotyping project with your group (in Google Docs). Watch meiosis video Warm up What can scientists really tell about you by looking at your DNA? Week 19, Day Four

2 Warm up Response -…

3 Homework Response/Check Did you complete the questions at the end of yesterday’s lab? Self sign off.

4 Format Karyotyping Document 5 minutes to revise your Mitosis quiz Chromosomes, Genes, Alleles

5 Instructions for the karyotyping homework: 1.Select a SINGLE group member to log into GoogleDocs 2.Make a COPY the Karyotyping homework 3.RENAME: YOUR character_period 4.Share the copy (editing) with your other group members AND with me Sam Stubs-1 Norma Nanny-2 Captain Relish-3 Glen Glendora-4 Fred Fleckstone-5 Theresa Thyme-6 VIDEOS IF TIME 1 What Are Genes? (5 min)What Are Genes?

6 Our DNA is very long So how does it all fit into the nucleus? ?

7 It is stored in chromosomes

8 Here is a picture of a pair of pig chromosomes. We can see them because they have been made to fluoresce.

9 This is a picture of a male pig’s full set of chromosomes Pigs have 19 chromosome pairs in total

10 Here are some human chromosomes inside a cell, which have also been made to fluoresce Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in total

11 Different bits of the chromosomes do different things. ] l These different bits are called genes.

12 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

13 Gene A gene is the functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.

14 Genome A genome is all the DNA contained in an organism or a cell, which includes the chromosomes plus the DNA in mitochondria (and DNA in the chloroplasts of plant cells). humans have estimated 30-35,000 genes other 98% of DNA noncoding – “junk” or regulatory

15 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

16 We have 2 copies of every gene, we get one copy from our dad and the other from our mum.

17 like what color hair to have, what color eyes to have & whether to be left or right handed. Different genes tell us different things,

18 Genes are very particular, like phone numbers - if you get a number wrong they won’t work!

19 errors ______ are the basic building blocks for life. Inside each ______ is one ______. Our ______ is stored in the nucleus. Our DNA is very ______ so it is stored in ______. Different bits of chromosomes are called ______. Different genes tell our bodies ______ things. We have ______ copies of every gene. ______ in our genes cause problems. Fill in the blanks using the words at the bottom: DNAnucleuscellschromosomesgenescelllongdifferenttwo

20 Traffic light I understand that cells are the basic building blocks for all living things I can relate DNA to genes and chromosomes Are you red, amber or green?

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22 Chromosomes and Heredity Heredity = transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to offspring – karyotype = chart of chromosomes at metaphase 23 pairs homologous chromosomes in somatic cells (diploid number of chromosomes) – 1 chromosome inherited from each parent – 22 pairs called autosomes – one pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y) normal female has 2 X chromosomes normal male has one X and one Y chromosome Sperm and egg (GAMETES) contain only 23 chromosomes – fertilized egg has diploid number of chromosomes

23 2 Basic Things Can Happen Which DNA 1.The ENTIRE DNA MOLECULE can Replicate: Then You have 2 from 1 (DNA REPLICATION---Leads to MITOSIS..one cell goes to two cells. OR 2. Selected sections of the DNA strand (genes) can be expressed (transcribed and into mRNA and Translated into proteins)

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25 Instructions for the karyotyping homework: 1.Select a SINGLE group member to log into GoogleDocs 2.Make a COPY the Karyotyping homework 3.RENAME: YOUR character_period 4.Share the copy (editing) with your other group members AND with me VIDEOS IF TIME 1 What Are Genes? (5 min)What Are Genes?

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28 Complementary Base Pairing Nitrogenous bases united by hydrogen bonds DNA base pairings – A-T and C-G Law of complementary base pairing – one strand determines base sequence of other Segment of DNA

29 Chromosomes A chromosome is one of the threadlike "packages" of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of a cell. Different kinds of organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 in all: 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair, so children get half of their chromosomes from their mothers and half from their fathers.


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