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3. What is Geography? Organized knowledge of the earth as the world of people (Balogh).

4. Okay, but what exactly is it? Well, it’s a way of thinking about intellectual problems, both natural and societal, which emphasizes the importance of spatial relationships.. Take any social, environmental, or physical question or problem and ask yourself whether there is a spatial aspect to it. Chances are that space and place play a role in the answers to that question. Mike Reed, Making It Up As I Go

5. 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY AN INTERACTIVE LEARNING MODULE BY: KRISTIN STILES

6. 5 DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY ge·og·ra·phy 1 : a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth's surface Source-Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary

7. 6 IN PLAIN ENGLISH Geography is the study of the earth and everything on it.

8. 7 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY Visit each of the following sites. Follow all buttons on each page. Save the BACK ARROW button until you are done with each page. The BACK ARROW button will bring you back to this page. When you have visited all 5 Themes, click on the RIGHT arrow button below.

9. 8 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY  By clicking on this site, you will visit the National Geographic Society 5 Themes of Geography web page. After reviewing the web page, click the back arrow on your browser to come back here.  NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY http://www.nationalgeographic.com/resour ces/ngo/education/themes.html http://www.nationalgeographic.com/resour ces/ngo/education/themes.html

10. 9 WHERE DID THE 5 THEMES COME FROM? The 5 Themes of Geography originated by the National Geographic Society to fulfill a need for geographers (people who study the earth and everything on it) categorize everything they learn. These 5 places are easy to remember. Just say the word “PRILM”.

11. 10 WHAT IS “PRILM”? PRILM is a mnemonic device that can be used to help remember what the 5 Themes of Geography are. Simply put, take the first letter of each Theme to create the word PRILM. They are:  Place Place  Region Region  Interaction (Human-Environment) Interaction (Human-Environment)  Location Location  Movement Movement

12. LOCATION Where are we?  Absolute Location  A latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location). Paris France is 48 o North Latitude and 2 o East Longitude. The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.  Relative Location  Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another. Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block. Yo u ar e He re

13. 12 PLACE  It is a description of what makes that place different to others. If I was trying to tell you about the bedrooms in a house, and I wanted to explain to you exactly which one I meant, I could say, "the one with two beds and one window". If the other rooms had only one bed each, or two windows, then you could easily tell which room I meant.  This is divided into 2 parts:  Physical Differences and Human Differences  Physical differences, or characteristics, include things that occur naturally, such as mountains, rivers, type of soil, wildlife, climate etc.  I might say that a place is flat with rich soil and many rivers. I'm still being vague, but already you can see a picture of it in your head, and maybe even begin to imagine what the land is used for.  Human differences, or characteristics, are things that have changed due to people, such as roads and buildings, how people live and their traditions.  This is where you can really go to town in your description. You can discuss the cities, lifestyle, culture and all sorts of other interesting facts that make the place you are talking about different and special.

14. 13 PLACE Things to think about  Place -- What makes a place different from other places? Differences might be defined in terms of climate, physical features, or the people who live there and their traditions.

15. 14 PLACE ~more~  What physical characteristics exist in this city such as plant and animal life? What cultural (human) characteristics are typical of this city? Which ethnic, religious, or political groups live here?

16. PLACE What is it like there, what kind of place is it?  Human Characteristics  What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs.  How many people live, work, and visit a place.  Physical Characteristics  Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegitation, wildlife, soil, etc.

17. Sense of Place Groveland, CA Bourbon Street

18. 17 REGION  Regions are areas that can be grouped together by a set of things special to that region. We have countries, ruled by governments, areas speaking the same language, or having the same religion, and we have areas served by a particular service, such as a school district. The three types of area are: Defined by a government or physical characteristics Defined by a function Loosely defined  Regions defined by a government or physical characteristics are regions that are strictly maintained, such as countries or continents.  Regions defined by a function are areas served by a particular service. Take the example of the school district for Geek's Rule School. If Geek's Rule School closes down, then the school district will no longer exist. Of course, it won't just disappear in a cloud of smoke, but it will have to be named or described some other way.  Loosely defined regions are regions that are grouped together in general terms. These are things such as the North, or the Midlands or the Buddhist World, or even the Far East and Middle East. They are the sort of definitions that people will argue about, and say that a certain place should or shouldn't be included in the definition of that region.

19. 18 REGION-Things to think about.  Regions -- How can Earth be divided into regions for study? Regions can be defined by a number of characteristics including area, language, political divisions, religions, and vegetation (for example, grassland, marshland, desert, rain forest).

20. REGIONS  How are Regions similar to and different from other places?  Formal Regions  Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities)  Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown).  Functional Regions  Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area).  Vernacular Regions (Not in your book)  Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the south, etc.)

21. Overlapping Formal and Functional Regions

22. Vernacular Regions

23. 22 REGION ~more~  THE STUDY OF REGIONS What other regions are there in the United States besides this one? How are they different? How do these regions change over time? (Descriptions of regions can include information about the physical or cultural characteristics. Physical refers to mountains, deserts, climates, etc. Cultural refers to history, religion, and language.)

24. 23 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS  This is about the relationship between people and their environment, or how they work together. It answers a lot of important questions: What effects have the people had on their environment? How has the environment affected them, do they depend on it for anything? What changes have they made to their environment to make it easier to live in?  It can be divided into 3 parts: How people have been changed by the environment. How the environment has been changed by people. How people depend on the environment.  How people have been changed by the environment can be called adaptation. It is the way humans change to suit their environment. An example of this is people who live in very cold climates wearing well-insulated clothes to keep warm. It can also include the way people transport things, in a desert the best way to transport some things is by camel.  How the environment has been changed or modification is the way people change their environment to suit themselves. Artificially watering your lawn, if you live in a dry area is one example, or on a grander scale, creating fertile land in desert areas to grow food crops. Another good example is clearing forests to make room for growing crops.  Depending on the environment is when people depend on their environment for something. Examples of this are using trees for firewood, or coal to warm us in winter, rivers to transport goods and natural resources like oil and coal, to sell or exchange for other needed items that are not available.  Sometimes it is difficult to tell exactly where something belongs. For example, if people clear forests to get wood for fires and to grow crops, that may be considered changing the environment to suit themselves and depending on the environment for something. When you think about the environment and people, just remember the three important questions: How have the people changed? How have they changed the environment? Do they depend on the environment for anything?  If you have the same answer for two questions, then it must be important, but you don't need to say it twice.

25. 24 Human-Environmental Interaction Things to think about  Human-environment interaction -- What are the relationships among people and places? How have people changed the environment to better suit their needs?

26. 25 HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION ~more~  HOW PEOPLE RELATE TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT What commodities do people depend on from, and in this area? How do people in Philadelphia adapt to their environment in terms of what they wear and how they build their homes? How do people in this city modify their environment to accommodate them? (e.g. building dams, changing landscapes)

27. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION  How do humans and the environment affect each other?  We depend on it.  People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation.  We modify it.  People modify our environment by heating and cooling buildings for comfort.  We adapt to it.  We adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.

28. Human-Environment Interaction  Successful cultures are those that adapt well to their environments. (Chaco Canyon, North Africa, Fertile Crescent, Easter Island) Chaco Canyon, New MexicoEaster Island, Polynesia

29. Where are we? What values are reflected in each? What relation to physical environment?

30. Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey Timber House, Switzerland Yurt on Mongolian SteppeSuburban Home, Chicago

31. 30 LOCATION  This is divided into 2 parts: Specific location and General Location  Specific location is shown by an address. The address can be any type of address that gives an exact position. It is sometimes called absolute location Here are some examples: A Street Address: 1, Silly Street, Anywhere Town, Nowhere Place A Map Address: 15 o 20' North, 20 o 15' West  Both of these examples well tell you exactly where a place is.  General location is shown by saying where something is in relation to somewhere or something else. It is also known as relative location. Here are some examples:  ten minutes away by train  in front of the bank  With these two examples you can only find what you want if you know from where you are starting. It's useful, though, for describing things. If I just told you that New York was located at 40 o North, 73 o West, you probably couldn't picture that in your head. If I told you that it was in the North-Eastern United States, you could probably imagine it much better.

32. 31 LOCATION Things to think about.  Location -- Where are things located? A location can be specific (for example, it can be stated as coordinates of longitude and latitude or as a distance from another place) or general (it's in the Northeast).

33. 32 LOCATION ~more~ LOCATION What is Eastman’s exact latitude and longitude? What is the city’s location in relation to other major cities? What geographic factors caused Philadelphia to be located where it is? (e.g. land, water)

34. 33 MOVEMENT Movement includes the movement of people, things, such as goods, as well as communications (the movement of ideas). We can describe the type of communications a place has and the main forms of transportation, as well as what goods are exported and imported. These all come under the heading of movement.

35. 34 MOVEMENT Things to think about.  Movement -- What are the patterns of movement of people, products, and information? A study of movement includes learning about major modes of transportation used by people, an area's major exports and imports, and ways in which people communicate (move ideas).

36. 35 MOVEMENT ~more~ THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, GOODS, AND IDEAS How are people transported in this city? How are goods transported in this city? What are they? Who depends on them? How are ideas transported in this city? (e.g. communication)

37. Quiz About The Five Themes of Geography Click the bell to the left of the correct answer. Applause will sound if the answer is correct. A gong will sound if the answer is incorrect. A key to the quiz follows the last slide. You may continue answering each question until the correct answer is found. Click on the orange arrow key to progress through the quiz.

38. 37 Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a geography theme? A. movement C. region B. human-environmental interaction D. people

39. 38 Question 2 Which of the following is an example of Human-Environmental Interaction? A. getting the mail C. playing Gameboy B. watching TV D. Rainforest Clearing

40. 39 A. Geographica Institute C. National Council for Social Studies B. National Geographic Society D. Social Studies Teachers of America Question 3 Which of the following helped create the 5 Themes of Geography?

41. 40 Question 4 Which of the following is an example of PLACE ? A. Deep South C. Dodge County Middle School B. McDonalds D. Skating rink

42. 41 Question 5 Which of the following is NOT an example of Location? A. Springfield, Missouri C. Georgia B. Dodge County Middle School 1103 Herman Ave Eastman, GA 31023 D. the hills

43. 42 Question 6 Which of the following is an example of region? A. Georgia C. United States B. South America D. The Midwest

44. 43 Question 7 What is the name of a person who studies the earth and everything on it? A. Photographer C. Geographer B. Cartographer D. Mapographer

45. 44 Key  1) D  2) D  3) B  4) A  5) B  6) D  7) C

46. 45 SUMMARY  Making Sense of it All  Now that you have found out a little about the five themes, how can you use them?  Imagine for a minute that you are a newspaper reporter. An important discovery of a lost land has been made, and you have the chance to be the first person to interview the returning explorers. Make a list of the questions that you might ask. Remember, the five themes and ask the most important questions from each.  Here are some questions to get you started:  Where is it?  Where exactly is that?  What does it look like?  How many people live there and where?  What settlements (cities, villages) does it have?  What sort of climate does it have?  Does it have any extremes of weather?  Is it prone to any type of natural disaster?  What are the natural resources and how are they used?  What type of agriculture is there?  What are the main types of transportation and communication?  What makes the people there different to people in other places?  What sort of government does it have?  Is it associated with any other place?

47. 46 INTERNET REFERENCES Click on the links below to view additional information.  http://www.nationalgeographic.com/r esources/ngo/education/themes.html http://www.nationalgeographic.com/r esources/ngo/education/themes.html  http://sd71.bc.ca/Sd71/Edulinks/ICT 6_9/lessons/geo1/5themes2.htm http://sd71.bc.ca/Sd71/Edulinks/ICT 6_9/lessons/geo1/5themes2.htm

48. 47 REFERENCES  http://www.funsocialstudies.learningh aven.com/articles/fivethemes.htm http://www.funsocialstudies.learningh aven.com/articles/fivethemes.htm  http://www.education- world.com/a_lesson/lesson071.shtml http://www.education- world.com/a_lesson/lesson071.shtml  http://www.classbrain.com/artaskcb/ publish/article_34.shtml http://www.classbrain.com/artaskcb/ publish/article_34.shtml